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Table 2 Subgroup analysis of outcome variables based on mean age, treatment duration and daily vitamin C dose

From: The effect of vitamin C supplementation on lipid profile of type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Outcome

 

Subgroup

Studies

Q statistic

I2(p-value)

Z

ES(95% CI)

Inter-group I2-P

TC

Total

11

35.07

71.5(0.000)

1.45(0.146)

− 4.36(− 10.24, 1.52)

 

Age

 < 52.8 years

5

11.13

61.1(0.025)

2.31(0.021)

− 11.54(− 21.32, − 1.75)

0.072

 > 52.8 years

6

20.7

75.8(0.001)

0.08(0.935)

− 0.31(− 7.66, 7.04)

Dose

 < 1000 mg

6

13.36

62.6(0.020)

1.8(0.072)

− 8.88(− 18.57, 0.81)

0.250

 ≥ 1000 mg

5

20.39

80.4(0.000)

0.46(0.647)

− 1.73(− 9.12, 5.67)

Duration

 ≤ 12 week

6

13.56

63.1(0.019)

1.22(0.222)

5.1(− 3.09, 13.29)

0.001

 > 12 week

5

10.93

63.4(0.027)

3.35(0.001)

− 14.41(− 22.65, − 5.97)

TG

Total

10

63.02

85.7(0.000)

2.09(0.036)

− 11.15(− 21.58, − 0.71)

 

Duration

 ≤ 12 week

5

37.73

89.4(0.000)

1.73(0.084)

14(− 1.89, 29.90)

0.000

 > 12 week

5

8.39

52.3(0.078)

4.28(0.000)

− 30.19(− 44.02, − 16.36)

Dose

 < 1000 mg

5

54.82

92.7(0.000)

0.66(0.509)

− 5.35(− 21.24, 10.53)

0.343

 ≥ 1000 mg

5

7.30

45.2(0.121)

2.20(0.028)

− 15.55(− 29.38, − 1.71)

Age

 < 52.8

4

7.31

59(0.063)

4.15(0.000)

− 39.66(− 58.38, − 20.95)

0.000

 > 52.8

6

42.77

88.3(0.000)

0.27(0.789)

1.71(− 10.86, 14.28)

LDL

Total

11

118.65

91.6(0.000)

1.2(0.229)

2.73(− 1.72, 7.17)

 

Dose

 < 1000 mg

6

15.90

68.6(0.007)

4.58(0.000)

− 17.77(− 25.37, − 10.17)

0.000

 ≥ 1000 mg

5

60.34

93.4(0.000)

4.78(0.000)

13.35(7.88, 18.82)

Duration

 ≤ 12 week

6

40.03

87.5(0.000)

6.04(0.000)

18.2(12.3, 24.11)

0.000

 > 12 week

5

17.82

77.5(0.001)

5.07(0.000)

− 17.45(− 24.19, − 10.71)

Age

 < 52.8

5

22.77

82.4(0.000)

2.96(0.003)

− 12.98(− 21.57, − 4.40)

0.000

 > 52.8

6

78.33

93.6(0.000)

3.2(0.001)

8.46(3.27, 13.65)

HDL

Total

11

35.11

71.5(0.000)

1.31(0.191)

0.91(− 0.45, 2.27)

 

Dose

 < 1000 mg

6

18.11

76.4(0.002)

1.07(0.284)

1.07(− 0.89, 3.02)

0.822

 ≥ 1000 mg

5

16.95

72.4(0.003)

0.78(0.434)

0.76(− 1.14, 2.65)

Duration

 ≤ 12 week

6

8.32

39.9(0.139)

1.54(0.122)

− 2.01(− 4.57, 0.54)

0.008

 > 12 week

5

19.79

79.8(0.001)

2.51(0.012)

2.06(0.45, 3.67)

Age

 < 52.8

5

16.19

75.3(0.003)

2.94(0.003)

3.53(1.18, 5.88)

0.007

 > 52.8

6

11.72

57.3(0.039)

0.49(0.627)

− 0.41(− 2.08, 1.25)

FBS

Total

11

50.88

80.3(0.000)

6.77(0.000)

− 16.94(− 21.84, − 12.04)

 

Dose

 < 1000 mg

6

20.72

75.9(0.001)

3.46(0.001)

− 17.49(− 27.39, − 7.59)

0.900

 ≥ 1000 mg

5

30.4

86.7(0.000)

5.82(0.000)

− 16.76(− 22.40, − 11.11)

Duration

 ≤ 12 week

6

5.03

0.61(0.412)

1.12(0.246)

− 3.96(− 10.90, 2.98)

0.000

 > 12 week

5

19.04

79.0(0.001)

8.45(0.000)

− 29.86(− 36.79, − 22.93)

Age

 < 52.8

5

20.71

80.7(0.000)

8.34(0.000)

− 29.53(− 36.47, − 22.59)

0.000

 > 52.8

6

4.97

0.0(0.419)

1.25(0.211)

− 4.41(− 11.34, 2.51)

HgA1C

Total

10

85.8

89.5(0.000)

11.2(0.001)

− 1.01(− 1.18, − 0.83)

 

Dose

 < 1000 mg

5

63.83

93.7(0.000)

8.6(0.000)

− 1.62(− 1.99, − 1.25)

0.000

 ≥ 1000 mg

5

8.32

51.9(0.081)

8.15(0.000)

− 0.83(− 1.03, − 0.63)

Duration

 ≤ 12 week

5

12.17

67.1(0.016)

7.38(0.000)

− 0.8(− 1.02, − 0.59)

0.001

 > 12 week

5

62.87

93.6(0.000)

9.11(0.000)

− 1.43(− 1.74, − 1.12)

Age

 < 52.8

4

59.7

95(0.000)

9.26(0.000)

− 1.47(− 1.78, − 1.16)

 

 > 52.8

6

13.65

63.4(0.018)

7.31(0.000)

− 0.79(− 1.0, − 0.58)

  1. BMI: body mass index, FBS: fasting blood sugar, HDL: high density lipoprotein, HgA1C: hemoglobin A1C, LDL: low density lipoprotein, TC: total cholesterol, TG: total triglycerides