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Table 1 Clinical studies that reported DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM and COVID-19

From: Diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance in COVID-19: molecular interrelationship and therapeutic implications

First author; year; Country

Simple size

T2M (n.%)

DPP-4 i (n.%)

Age (years)a

Male (%)

Outcomes

In-hospital death (n.%)

Retrospective studies

Chen et al. 2020.

China [87]

904

136 (15.0)

20 (14.7)

66.0 (56.0–73.0)

NR

Hospital stay (days)

22 (19.3–29.0)

5 (25.0)

Xu et al. 2020.

China [88]

364

114 (31.3)

7 (6.1)

66.0 (57–73)

54.4

Lower ventilation score

7 (100.0)

Zhu et al. 2020.

China [89]

7337

952 (12.9)

55 (6.8)

NR

NR

20% well controlled

–

Rhee et al. 2020.

South Korea [90]

5080

832 (16.3)

263 (31.6)

63.69 (12.2)

56.65

Intensive care 3.42%

4.39

Multicenter observational study

Cariou et al. 2020.

France  [2]

1317

1166 (88.5)

285 (21.6)

69.8 (13.0)

64.9

Tracheal intubation and/or death within 7 days of admission

OR 1.01 (0.75, 1.34)

OR

0.85 (0.55, 1.32)

Case–control study

Fadini et al. 2020

Italy [91]

403

85 (21.1)

9 (10.6)

72.2 (12.8)

77.8

ICU admittance 33.3%

Semi-intensive care 44.4%

11.1

  1. NR No reported, ICU intensive care unit
  2. aAge was reported as range; median ± SD