Fig. 1
From: Mechanism of increased risk of insulin resistance in aging skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle aging can increase insulin resistance by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction, IMCL accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, PTP1B expression, ER stress, decreased autophagy, sarcopenia and over-activated RAS. In addition, skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction promotes IMCL accumulation and induces oxidative stress and ER stress, moreover, IMCL accumulation, oxidative stress, and ER stress can induce inflammation. IMCL intramyocellular lipid, PTP1B protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, ER endoplasmic reticulum, RAS renin-angiotensin system