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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and glucose metabolism

From: Metabolic phenotype in Darier disease: a cross-sectional clinical study

Baseline characteristics

DD patients

Control patients

p-value

n

25

25

 

Age (years)

52 ± 13 (27–78)

51 ± 13 (27–76)

0.80#

Male sex

10 (40)

10 (40)

1.000

BMI (kg/m2)

28.2 ± 5.3 (18.9–42.3)

27.0 ± 5.0 (19.8–38.7)

0.45#

Weight (kg)

81.4 ± 17.8 (54–119)

78.8 ± 18.2 (49.3–117)

0.73#

Height (cm)

169.6 ± 9.9 (152–193)

170.3 ± 11.5 (48.5–193)

0.83#

Current smoker

5 (20)

2 (8)

0.417

DM family history

13 (52)

11 (44)

0.778

Acitretin treatment

14 (56)

0 (0)

< 0.001*

Hypertension treatment

3 (12)

4 (16)

1.000

Dyslipidemia treatment

3 (12)

2 (8)

1.000

Glucose metabolism

 Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.3 ± 0.4

5.6 ± 0.5

0.07#

 2-h plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.6 ± 1.7

5.7 ± 1.3

0.68#

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

36±4

36 ± 4

0.36#

Beta cell function

 Proinsulin/insulin (ratio)

0.85 ± 0.32

0.80 ± 0.49

0.19#

 C-peptide (nmol/L)

0.8 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.2

0.24#

HOMA2-%S

HOMA2-%B

79.6 ± 32.7

122.7 ± 27.1

94.9 ± 52.4

103.5 ± 22.1

0.53#

0.01#*

  1. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (minimum–maximum). Categorical values were expressed as a number (%). Two DD patients were adopted and heredity was unknown. Due to hemolysis, insulin levels from three DD and one control patient were excluded from the analysis
  2. n, number; DD, Darier disease; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c
  3. #Mann–Whitney U Test, Fisher’s Exact Test, * significant difference after Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons (p ≤ 0.05)