Table 1 Clinical characteristics of DN patients and healthy controls
| Parameters | Normal group (n = 34) | DN group (n = 34) |
|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 18/16 | 20/14 |
| Age (years) | 53.5 ± 4.3 | 56.2 ± 5.2 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 8.3 ± 2.1 | |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 7.9 ± 2.1 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 8.8 ± 3.7 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.61 ± 0.6 | 2.37 ± 1.2 |
| BMI | 23.2 ± 0.7 | 30.6 ± 1.4 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 81.6 ± 2.8 | 88.5 ± 6.0 |