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Fig. 3 | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Fig. 3

From: Toxic AGEs (TAGE) theory: a new concept for preventing the development of diseases related to lifestyle

Fig. 3

In vivo TAGE generation routes. The chronic intake of excessive amounts of SSB/processed foods increases the cellular levels of the sugar metabolite GA, which induces TAGE generation from intracellular proteins. Consequently, TAGE accumulate in cells, causing cell damage, and leak into the blood, increasing circulating TAGE levels. The TAGE-RAGE axis produces ROS, which appear to upregulate RAGE expression and TAGE generation. AR: aldose reductase; SDH: sorbitol dehydrogenase; FK: fructokinase; ALD B: aldolase B; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LSRD: lifestyle-related diseases; P-NH2: free amino residue of a protein

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