Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean ± SD | na | n | Mean ± SD | na | n | Mean ± SD | na | p | |
Renal function | ||||||||||
Creatinine at discharge (serum; µmol/L) | 19 | 114.5 ± 36.6 | 17 | 19 | 89.8 ± 32.6 | 19 | 15 | 100.2 ± 46.5 | 13 | 0.0754 |
Change of serum creatinine (baseline versus discharge; µmol/l) | 19 | -17.9 ± 41.6 | 17 | 19 | 0.3 ± 44.1 | 19 | 15 | -12.4 ± 65.4 | 13 | 0.6705 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m2) at discharge | 19 | 55.2 ± 18.6 | 16 | 19 | 76.7 ± 14.9 | 16 | 15 | 67.3 ± 22.4 | 12 | 0.0068 |
Blood pressure during hospitalization | ||||||||||
Systolic blood pressure (maximum, day-time; mmHg) | 19 | 191.6 ± 20.7 | 19 | 19 | 157.7 ± 20.2 | 18 | 15 | 172.8 ± 22.2 | 15 | < 0.0001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mean, day-time; mmHg) | 19 | 142.5 ± 13.8 | 19 | 19 | 124.6 ± 16.1 | 19 | 15 | 138.7 ± 18.2 | 15 | 0.0030 |
Diastolic blood pressure (maximum, day-time; mmHg) | 19 | 98.7 ± 13.4 | 19 | 19 | 88.6 ± 11.4 | 18 | 15 | 98.9 ± 20.0 | 15 | 0.0749 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mean, day-time; mmHg) | 19 | 75.3 ± 9.4 | 19 | 19 | 71.3 ± 8.3 | 19 | 15 | 79.1 ± 15.4 | 15 | 0.1340 |
Mean arterial pressure (day-time; mmHg) | 19 | 97.7 ± 8.9 | 19 | 19 | 85.9 ± 9.5 | 16 | 15 | 98.9 ± 15.3 | 15 | 0.0035 |
Systolic blood pressure (maximum, night-time; mmHg) | 19 | 167.7 ± 30.4 | 19 | 19 | 135.6 ± 15.1 | 15 | 15 | 151.5 ± 23.2 | 15 | 0.0021 |
Systolic blood pressure (mean, night-time; mmHg) | 19 | 141.7 ± 18.6 | 19 | 19 | 117.9 ± 12.1 | 16 | 15 | 125.1 ± 17.8 | 15 | 0.0003 |
Diastolic blood pressure (maximum, night-time; mmHg) | 19 | 90.9 ± 15.7 | 19 | 19 | 81.3 ± 8.2 | 16 | 15 | 90.8 ± 15.7 | 15 | 0.1339 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mean, night-time; mmHg) | 19 | 72.9 ± 11.3 | 19 | 19 | 68.7 ± 8.6 | 16 | 15 | 71.7 ± 12.9 | 15 | 0.5279 |
Mean arterial pressure (night-time; mmHg) | 19 | 95.9 ± 11.9 | 19 | 19 | 85.9 ± 9.5 | 16 | 15 | 89.5 ± 13.8 | 15 | 0.0507 |
Antihypertensive classes per patient at discharge (n) | 19 | 4.1 ± 1.6 | 19 | 19 | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 19 | 15 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 15 | 0.0011 |
Change of antihypertensive classes (baseline versus discharge; n) | 19 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 19 | 19 | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 19 | 15 | -0.3 ± 1.0 | 15 | 0.0017 |
Antihypertensive DDD at discharge (n) | 19 | 11.0 ± 8.7 | 19 | 19 | 3.0 ± 3.3 | 19 | 15 | 4.9 ± 6.5 | 15 | 0.0012 |
Change of antihypertensive DDD (baseline versus discharge; n) | 19 | 4.8 ± 6.1 | 19 | 19 | 0.1 ± 1.9 | 19 | 15 | 0.2 ± 3.8 | 15 | 0.0028 |
Diabetes-related parameters | ||||||||||
Length of CGM (d) | 19 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 19 | 19 | 5.3 ± 1.5 | 19 | 15 | 6.2 ± 0.9 | 15 | 0.0004 |
Hypoglycemic episodesa (during CGM, n) | 19 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 19 | 19 | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 19 | 15 | 4.5 ± 2.3 | 15 | < 0.0001 |
Hypoglycemic episodes per nighta (during CGM, n) | 19 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 19 | 19 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 19 | 15 | 1.5 ± 1.4 | 15 | 0.0051 |
Daily cumulative insulin dose at discharge (units/d) | 19 | 42.5 ± 33.0 | 19 | 19 | 27.6 ± 24.3 | 19 | 15 | 27.9 ± 19.0 | 15 | 0.2960 |
Change of daily cumulative insulin dose (baseline versus discharge; units/d) | 19 | -18.4 ± 24.9 | 19 | 19 | -2.9 ± 15.6 | 17 | 15 | -18.6 ± 22.7 | 15 | 0.0479 |
Primary outcome | ||||||||||
Hypoglycemic episodes (tissue glucose < 3.9 mmol/l) per 24 h (n) | 19 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 19 | 19 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 17 | 15 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 15 | < 0.0001 |