| |
Cross-sectional study
|
Retrospective cohort study
|
|---|
| |
Prevalence of DM (−)
|
Prevalence of DM (+)
|
P
|
Incidence of DM (−)
|
Incidence of DM (+)
|
P
|
|---|
|
n
|
745
|
58
| |
594
|
30
| |
|
Age (years)
|
50.6 ± 10.6
|
58.6 ± 9.5
|
< 0.0001
|
50.8 ± 10.6
|
54.4 ± 9.8
|
0.0703
|
|
Male
|
458 (61.5)
|
48 (82.8)
|
0.0012
|
370 (62.3)
|
24 (80.0)
|
0.0498
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
22.6 ± 3.4
|
25.8 ± 4.9
|
< 0.0001
|
22.6 ± 3.4
|
25.7 ± 4.5
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Family history of diabetes mellitus
|
102 (13.7)
|
22 (37.9)
|
< 0.0001
|
516 (86.9)
|
25 (83.3)
|
0.5780
|
|
Current smoker
|
120 (16.1)
|
18 (31.0)
|
0.0037
|
500 (84.2)
|
24 (80.0)
|
0.5431
|
|
Regular exercise
|
195 (26.2)
|
25 (43.1)
|
0.0054
|
434 (73.1)
|
25 (83.3)
|
0.2134
|
|
Alcohol drinking habit
|
163 (21.9)
|
13 (22.4)
|
0.9245
|
464 (78.1)
|
22 (73.3)
|
0.5381
|
|
Hypertension
|
192 (25.8)
|
31 (53.5)
|
< 0.0001
|
441 (74.2)
|
19 (63.3)
|
0.1854
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
220 (29.5)
|
35 (60.3)
|
< 0.0001
|
420 (70.7)
|
19 (63.3)
|
0.3882
|
|
C-reactive proteina (nmol/L)
|
1.9 (1.9–7.6)
|
7.6 (4.3–24.8)
|
< 0.0001
|
1.9 (1.9–6.9)
|
8.6 (1.9–11.7)
|
0.0020
|
|
Creatinine (μmol/L)
|
68.3 ± 13.5
|
72.6 ± 13.9
|
0.0208
|
68.5 ± 13.6
|
74.4 ± 11.0
|
0.0195
|
|
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)
|
5.3 ± 0.5
|
8.0 ± 2.1
|
< 0.0001
|
5.3 ± 0.4
|
6.1 ± 0.5
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Total adipose tissue area index (cm2/m2)
|
79.4 ± 40.2
|
123.3 ± 59.0
|
< 0.0001
|
77.8 ± 39.9
|
111.1 ± 37.0
|
< 0.0001
|
|
VAT area index(cm2/m2)
|
31.5 ± 21.2
|
58.6 ± 24.9
|
< 0.0001
|
30.7 ± 21.0
|
51.2 ± 19.5
|
< 0.0001
|
|
IVAT area index(cm2/m2)
|
19.3 ± 14.6
|
38.3 ± 17.7
|
< 0.0001
|
18.8 ± 14.4
|
33.1 ± 14.2
|
< 0.0001
|
|
RVAT area index(cm2/m2)
|
12.2 ± 7.5
|
20.0 ± 9.4
|
< 0.0001
|
12.0 ± 7.4
|
18.1 ± 7.1
|
< 0.0001
|
|
SAT area index(cm2/m2)
|
47.9 ± 24.7
|
64.6 ± 43.8
|
< 0.0001
|
47.1 ± 24.3
|
59.9 ± 27.0
|
0.0053
|
|
DSAT area index (cm2/m2)
|
27.9 ± 15.1
|
40.6 ± 26.3
|
< 0.0001
|
27.5 ± 15.1
|
36.7 ± 15.3
|
0.0012
|
|
SSAT area index (cm2/m2)
|
20.0 ± 11.4
|
24.4 ± 20.4
|
0.0090
|
19.6 ± 11.2
|
23.2 ± 14.3
|
0.0910
|
|
VAT/SAT area ratio
|
0.7 ± 0.4
|
1.1 ± 0.5
|
< 0.0001
|
0.7 ± 0.4
|
1.0 ± 0.4
|
0.0001
|
|
IVAT/RVAT area ratio
|
1.6 ± 0.7
|
2.0 ± 0.6
|
< 0.0001
|
1.5 ± 0.7
|
1.9 ± 0.7
|
0.0017
|
|
DSAT/SSAT area ratio
|
1.5 ± 0.6
|
1.8 ± 0.6
|
0.0001
|
1.5 ± 0.6
|
1.8 ± 0.7
|
0.0107
|
- Continuous variables are presented as mean ± 1 standard deviation, or median (interquartile range), and categorical variables are presented as number (percentage)
- DM diabetes mellitus, VAT visceral adipose tissue, IVAT intraperitoneal VAT, RVAT retroperitoneal VAT, SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue, DSAT deep SAT, SSAT superficial SAT. aValues were analyzed after log transformation
