Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study participants in this cross-sectional and retrospective cohort studies
Cross-sectional study | Retrospective cohort study | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence of DM (−) | Prevalence of DM (+) | P | Incidence of DM (−) | Incidence of DM (+) | P | |
n | 745 | 58 | 594 | 30 | ||
Age (years) | 50.6 ± 10.6 | 58.6 ± 9.5 | < 0.0001 | 50.8 ± 10.6 | 54.4 ± 9.8 | 0.0703 |
Male | 458 (61.5) | 48 (82.8) | 0.0012 | 370 (62.3) | 24 (80.0) | 0.0498 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 3.4 | 25.8 ± 4.9 | < 0.0001 | 22.6 ± 3.4 | 25.7 ± 4.5 | < 0.0001 |
Family history of diabetes mellitus | 102 (13.7) | 22 (37.9) | < 0.0001 | 516 (86.9) | 25 (83.3) | 0.5780 |
Current smoker | 120 (16.1) | 18 (31.0) | 0.0037 | 500 (84.2) | 24 (80.0) | 0.5431 |
Regular exercise | 195 (26.2) | 25 (43.1) | 0.0054 | 434 (73.1) | 25 (83.3) | 0.2134 |
Alcohol drinking habit | 163 (21.9) | 13 (22.4) | 0.9245 | 464 (78.1) | 22 (73.3) | 0.5381 |
Hypertension | 192 (25.8) | 31 (53.5) | < 0.0001 | 441 (74.2) | 19 (63.3) | 0.1854 |
Dyslipidemia | 220 (29.5) | 35 (60.3) | < 0.0001 | 420 (70.7) | 19 (63.3) | 0.3882 |
C-reactive proteina (nmol/L) | 1.9 (1.9–7.6) | 7.6 (4.3–24.8) | < 0.0001 | 1.9 (1.9–6.9) | 8.6 (1.9–11.7) | 0.0020 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 68.3 ± 13.5 | 72.6 ± 13.9 | 0.0208 | 68.5 ± 13.6 | 74.4 ± 11.0 | 0.0195 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 2.1 | < 0.0001 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 6.1 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001 |
Total adipose tissue area index (cm2/m2) | 79.4 ± 40.2 | 123.3 ± 59.0 | < 0.0001 | 77.8 ± 39.9 | 111.1 ± 37.0 | < 0.0001 |
VAT area index(cm2/m2) | 31.5 ± 21.2 | 58.6 ± 24.9 | < 0.0001 | 30.7 ± 21.0 | 51.2 ± 19.5 | < 0.0001 |
IVAT area index(cm2/m2) | 19.3 ± 14.6 | 38.3 ± 17.7 | < 0.0001 | 18.8 ± 14.4 | 33.1 ± 14.2 | < 0.0001 |
RVAT area index(cm2/m2) | 12.2 ± 7.5 | 20.0 ± 9.4 | < 0.0001 | 12.0 ± 7.4 | 18.1 ± 7.1 | < 0.0001 |
SAT area index(cm2/m2) | 47.9 ± 24.7 | 64.6 ± 43.8 | < 0.0001 | 47.1 ± 24.3 | 59.9 ± 27.0 | 0.0053 |
DSAT area index (cm2/m2) | 27.9 ± 15.1 | 40.6 ± 26.3 | < 0.0001 | 27.5 ± 15.1 | 36.7 ± 15.3 | 0.0012 |
SSAT area index (cm2/m2) | 20.0 ± 11.4 | 24.4 ± 20.4 | 0.0090 | 19.6 ± 11.2 | 23.2 ± 14.3 | 0.0910 |
VAT/SAT area ratio | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.0001 |
IVAT/RVAT area ratio | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | < 0.0001 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 0.0017 |
DSAT/SSAT area ratio | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 0.0001 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 0.0107 |