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Table 1 Results of multivariate logistic regression for the associations between HbA1c parameters (mean and variability) and presence of peripheral neuropathy by clinical and nerve conduction studies criteria

From: HbA1c variability and long-term glycemic control are linked to peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes

HbA1c parameters

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy diagnosis

Clinical (NSS/NDS) n = 16

Nerve conduction studies n = 14

Clinical and NCS (Toronto criteria) n = 12

Model 1*

OR (95% CI)

Model 2*

OR (95% CI)

Model 1*

OR (95% CI)

Model 2*

OR (95% CI)

Model 1*

OR (95% CI)

Model 2*

OR (95% CI)

HbA1c-SD

3.65 (1.11–12.05)

3.77 (0.98–14.49)

4.22 (1.04–17.24)

4.88 (0.83–28.57)

10.41 (1.38–78.4)

13.44 (1.46–123.6)

Mean HbA1c

2.21 (0.84–5.81)

2.07 (0.72–5.95)

12.35 (1.74–83.3)

10.10 (1.14–90.9)

4.99 (0.92–27.16)

3.91 (0.83–18.34)

HbA1c-CV

2.75 (1.06–7.09)

2.75 (0.95–8.00)

3.38 (1.04–10.99)

3.83 (0.83–17.86)

6.57 (1.25–34.72)

8.47 (1.25–57.61)

Mean HbA1c

3.26 (1.28–8.26)

3.08 (1.12–8.47)

20.0 (2.77–142.8)

16.67 (2.09–142.9)

10.79 (1.93–60.2)

8.59 (1.62–45.61)

  1. NSS neuropathy symptoms score, NDS neuropathy disability score, NCS nerve conduction study, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. * Odds ratios were estimated for increments of 1 − SD in each HbA1c parameter (mean HbA1c 1.7%, HbA1c-SD 0.7% and HbA1c-CV 6.3), and adjusted for age and sex in Model 1 and further adjusted for BMI, presence of essential hypertension and of other microvascular complications in Model 2. p < 0.05; p < 0.01