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Table 2 Pre-treatment vs post-treatment comparison in clinical and biochemical parameters in whole studied population

From: Effect of supplementation with vitamins D3 and K2 on undercarboxylated osteocalcin and insulin serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial

Variable

Initial n = 40

Final n = 40

p value

Gender

 Female (N  %)

24 (60)

 Male (N  %)

16 (40)

Age (years)

55.9 ± 10.0

BMI (kg/m2)

29.0 ± 6.1

28.8 ± 5.8

0.539

uOC (ng/dL)

2.7 ± 1.5

2.3 ± 1.3

0.104

cOC (ng/dL)

0.701 ± 0.591

0.945 ± 0.753

0.004

uOC/cOC index

6.0 ± 5.5

3.4 ± 2.2

0.001

Insulin (ng/dL)

103.7 ± 59.6

97.2 ± 49.9

0.428

Glucose (mg/dL)

137.6 ± 31.4

123.1 ± 28.7

0.001

HOMA-IR

3.5 ± 2.2

3.0 ± 1.7

0.040

% FPβC

559 ± 373

231 ± 169

0.001

SBP (mmHg)

133 ± 21

128 ± 18

0.082

DBP (mmHg)

83 ± 12

80 ± 12

0.030

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

198 ± 34

199 ± 40

0.625

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

189 ± 21

191 ± 90

0.624

VLDL (mg/dL)

38 ± 25

38 ± 18

0.624

  1. uOC undercarboxylated osteocalcin, cOC carboxilated osteocalcin, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPβC functional pancreatic β cells. Data presented as average and standard deviation. Statistically significant data are shown in italics type (p < 0.05)