Table 4 Classes of antidiabetic agents and their respective mechanisms of action.
From: NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes
Class of antidiabetic agent | Mechanism of action |
|---|---|
Metformin | Reduction in hepatic glucose production and mild insulin sensitizing action in the liver |
Thiazolidinediones | Increase insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipocyte (insulin sensitizers) |
DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins) | Increase in GLP-1 levels, enhancing the glucose-dependent synthesis and secretion of insulin, in addition to glucagon reduction |
GLP-1RAs | Enhancement of the glucose-dependent synthesis and secretion of insulin, in addition to glucagon reduction, delayed gastric emptying and promotion of satiety, resulting in weight loss |
SGLT2 inhibitors | Inhibition of glucose and sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the renal glomerulus, resulting in glycosuria and weight loss |
Sulfonylureas | Glucose-independent secretion of insulin (secretagogue) |
Glinides | Glucose-independent secretion of insulin (secretagogue) |
α-Glucosidase inhibitors | Delay of intestinal absorption of carbohydrates |