|
Variables
|
Group
|
Before
|
After
|
Mean changes (95% CIs)
|
P valuea
|
P valueb
|
|---|
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
Crocin
|
133.86 ± 12.83
|
123.06 ± 17.12
|
− 10.8 (− 16.79, − 4.58)
|
0.002
|
0.092
|
|
Control
|
128.27 ± 18.49
|
126.06 ± 19.64
|
− 2.2 (− 6.21, 1.47)
|
0.298
|
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
Crocin
|
79.92 ± 8.22
|
77.2 1± 10.55
|
− 2.7 (− 6.59, 1.52)
|
0.149
|
0.750
|
|
Control
|
78.95 ± 14.64
|
77.25 ± 12.44
|
− 1.7 (− 6.97, 3.19)
|
0.758
|
|
FBS (mg/dL)
|
Crocin
|
148.73 ± 30.07
|
129.26 ± 29.31
|
− 19.47 (− 30.23, − 8.32)
|
0.002
|
0.015
|
|
Control
|
157.18 ± 63.29
|
160.18 ± 57.34
|
3 (− 22.19, 23.55)
|
0.249
|
|
Insulin (mU/L)
|
Crocin
|
17.27 ± 7.14
|
13.51 ± 4.62
|
− 3.75 (− 6.16, − 1.33)
|
0.021
|
0.046
|
|
Control
|
14.95 ± 5.52
|
15.2 5± 5.04
|
0.29 (− 1.28, 2.29)
|
0.931
|
|
QUICKI
|
Crocin
|
0.12 ± 0.008
|
0.13 ± 0.007
|
0.006 (0.003, 0.009)
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
|
Control
|
0.13 ± 0.007
|
0.13 ± 0.007
|
− 0.0009 (− 0.003, 0.001)
|
0.433
|
|
HOMA−IR
|
Crocin
|
6.33 ± 2.85
|
4.34 ± 1.95
|
− 1.99 (−2.95, −1.07)
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
|
Control
|
5.74 ± 2.85
|
5.86 ± 2.43
|
0.11 (− 0.64, 0.85)
|
0.858
|
|
HOMA−β
|
Crocin
|
81.75 ± 42.49
|
92.99 ± 70.92
|
11.24 (− 13.98, 39)
|
0.330
|
0.930
|
|
Control
|
81.67 ± 60.54
|
88.45 ± 91.08
|
6.77 (− 12.07, 27.63)
|
0.910
|
|
HbA1c
|
Crocin
|
7.80 ± 1..29
|
7.36 ± 1.47
|
− 0.44 (− 0.90, − 0.02)
|
0.071
|
0.045
|
|
Control
|
7.61 ± 1.62
|
7.86 ± 1.75
|
0.25 (− 0.22, 0.71)
|
0.303
|
|
pAMPK (pg/mg protein)
|
Crocin
|
34.55 ± 53.52
|
18.20 ± 7.69
|
− 16.34 (− 40.64, 0.56)
|
0.378
|
0.433
|
|
Control
|
27.72 ± 20.57
|
20.14 ± 10.81
|
− 7.57 (− 18.5, 1.74)
|
0.131
|
- SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBS fasting blood sugar, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, HOMA-β homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, pAMPK phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- aBased on paired t test for within group comparison
- bBased on ANCOVA model that regressed changes from baseline on treatment group, baseline value of the outcome and height
