Variable | Crocin group (n = 25) | Placebo group (n = 25) | P value* |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 57.08 ± 7.41 | 59.86 ± 9.46 | 0.122 |
Sex (M/F) (n) | 4/21 | 3/22 |  > 0.999 |
Metabolic characteristics | |||
 Height (cm) | 158.97 ± 6.93 | 155.11 ± 5.11 | 0.04 |
 Weight (kg) | 77.08 ± 10.18 | 74.18 ± 7.97 | 0.296 |
 Body fat (%) | 41.18 ± 9.07 | 43.56 ± 7.61 | 0.329 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 30.64 ± 4.79 | 30.85 ± 3.19 | 0.865 |
 WC (cm) | 104.65 ± 9.72 | 104.9 ± 8.84 | 0.927 |
 WHR | 0.96 ± 0.06 | 0.96 ± 0.05 | 0.813 |
Medication use [n (%)] | |||
 Glucose-lowering medications | |||
  Metformin | 22 (88) | 19 (76) | 0.346 |
   As single OHA | 6 (26.1) | 9 (40.9) | 0.353 |
  Sulfonylureas | 12 (48) | 7 (28) | 0.231 |
   As single OHA | 0 (0) | 1 (4.5) | 0.489 |
  Thiazolidinediones | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 0.233 |
  Meglitinides | 4 (16) | 0 (0) | 0.109 |
  DPP-4 inhibitors | 4 (16) | 5 (20) | 0.722 |
  α-Glucosidase inhibitors | 1 (4) | 2 (8) | 0.608 |
 Lipid-lowering medications | 15 (60) | 17 (68) | 0.514 |
 Anti-hypertensive medications | 10 (40) | 11 (44) | 0.768 |
Dietary factors | |||
 Total energy (kcal) | 1853.49 ± 483.73 | 1899.09 ± 467.18 | 0.749 |
 Dietary carbohydrate (g/day) | 242.08 ± 64.07 | 255.62 ± 79.22 | 0.531 |
 Dietary protein (g/day) | 61.48 ± 18.78 | 61.34 ± 21.86 | 0.982 |
 Dietary fat (g/day) | 73.75 ± 33.28 | 74.34 ± 23.35 | 0.945 |
 Dietary cholesterol (mg/day) | 184.42 ± 98.87 | 203.01 ± 112.23 | 0.558 |
 Dietary fiber (g/day) | 16.22 ± 5.36 | 17.94 ± 5.07 | 0.277 |
 Vitamin A (mg/day) | 567.06 ± 356.17 | 821.43 ± 715.09 | 0.247 |
 Β-carotenoid (mg/day) | 285.05 ± 265.38 | 401.34 ± 666.84 | 0.982 |
MET (min/day) | 741.58 ± 395.72 | 874.4 ± 857.06 | 0.725 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133.86 ± 12.83 | 128.27 ± 18.49 | 0.248 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.92 ± 8.22 | 78.95 ± 14.64 | 0.346 |