|
Age (years)
|
57.08 ± 7.41
|
59.86 ± 9.46
|
0.122
|
|
Sex (M/F) (n)
|
4/21
|
3/22
|
> 0.999
|
|
Metabolic characteristics
|
|
Height (cm)
|
158.97 ± 6.93
|
155.11 ± 5.11
|
0.04
|
|
Weight (kg)
|
77.08 ± 10.18
|
74.18 ± 7.97
|
0.296
|
|
Body fat (%)
|
41.18 ± 9.07
|
43.56 ± 7.61
|
0.329
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
30.64 ± 4.79
|
30.85 ± 3.19
|
0.865
|
|
WC (cm)
|
104.65 ± 9.72
|
104.9 ± 8.84
|
0.927
|
|
WHR
|
0.96 ± 0.06
|
0.96 ± 0.05
|
0.813
|
|
Medication use [n (%)]
|
|
Glucose-lowering medications
|
|
Metformin
|
22 (88)
|
19 (76)
|
0.346
|
|
As single OHA
|
6 (26.1)
|
9 (40.9)
|
0.353
|
|
Sulfonylureas
|
12 (48)
|
7 (28)
|
0.231
|
|
As single OHA
|
0 (0)
|
1 (4.5)
|
0.489
|
|
Thiazolidinediones
|
0 (0)
|
2 (8)
|
0.233
|
|
Meglitinides
|
4 (16)
|
0 (0)
|
0.109
|
|
DPP-4 inhibitors
|
4 (16)
|
5 (20)
|
0.722
|
|
α-Glucosidase inhibitors
|
1 (4)
|
2 (8)
|
0.608
|
|
Lipid-lowering medications
|
15 (60)
|
17 (68)
|
0.514
|
|
Anti-hypertensive medications
|
10 (40)
|
11 (44)
|
0.768
|
|
Dietary factors
|
|
Total energy (kcal)
|
1853.49 ± 483.73
|
1899.09 ± 467.18
|
0.749
|
|
Dietary carbohydrate (g/day)
|
242.08 ± 64.07
|
255.62 ± 79.22
|
0.531
|
|
Dietary protein (g/day)
|
61.48 ± 18.78
|
61.34 ± 21.86
|
0.982
|
|
Dietary fat (g/day)
|
73.75 ± 33.28
|
74.34 ± 23.35
|
0.945
|
|
Dietary cholesterol (mg/day)
|
184.42 ± 98.87
|
203.01 ± 112.23
|
0.558
|
|
Dietary fiber (g/day)
|
16.22 ± 5.36
|
17.94 ± 5.07
|
0.277
|
|
Vitamin A (mg/day)
|
567.06 ± 356.17
|
821.43 ± 715.09
|
0.247
|
|
Β-carotenoid (mg/day)
|
285.05 ± 265.38
|
401.34 ± 666.84
|
0.982
|
|
MET (min/day)
|
741.58 ± 395.72
|
874.4 ± 857.06
|
0.725
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
133.86 ± 12.83
|
128.27 ± 18.49
|
0.248
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
79.92 ± 8.22
|
78.95 ± 14.64
|
0.346
|
