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Table 1 Baseline characteristics at enrollment

From: The effect of crocin supplementation on glycemic control, insulin resistance and active AMPK levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study

Variable

Crocin group (n = 25)

Placebo group (n = 25)

P value*

Age (years)

57.08 ± 7.41

59.86 ± 9.46

0.122

Sex (M/F) (n)

4/21

3/22

 > 0.999

Metabolic characteristics

 Height (cm)

158.97 ± 6.93

155.11 ± 5.11

0.04

 Weight (kg)

77.08 ± 10.18

74.18 ± 7.97

0.296

 Body fat (%)

41.18 ± 9.07

43.56 ± 7.61

0.329

 BMI (kg/m2)

30.64 ± 4.79

30.85 ± 3.19

0.865

 WC (cm)

104.65 ± 9.72

104.9 ± 8.84

0.927

 WHR

0.96 ± 0.06

0.96 ± 0.05

0.813

Medication use [n (%)]

 Glucose-lowering medications

  Metformin

22 (88)

19 (76)

0.346

   As single OHA

6 (26.1)

9 (40.9)

0.353

  Sulfonylureas

12 (48)

7 (28)

0.231

   As single OHA

0 (0)

1 (4.5)

0.489

  Thiazolidinediones

0 (0)

2 (8)

0.233

  Meglitinides

4 (16)

0 (0)

0.109

  DPP-4 inhibitors

4 (16)

5 (20)

0.722

  α-Glucosidase inhibitors

1 (4)

2 (8)

0.608

 Lipid-lowering medications

15 (60)

17 (68)

0.514

 Anti-hypertensive medications

10 (40)

11 (44)

0.768

Dietary factors

 Total energy (kcal)

1853.49 ± 483.73

1899.09 ± 467.18

0.749

 Dietary carbohydrate (g/day)

242.08 ± 64.07

255.62 ± 79.22

0.531

 Dietary protein (g/day)

61.48 ± 18.78

61.34 ± 21.86

0.982

 Dietary fat (g/day)

73.75 ± 33.28

74.34 ± 23.35

0.945

 Dietary cholesterol (mg/day)

184.42 ± 98.87

203.01 ± 112.23

0.558

 Dietary fiber (g/day)

16.22 ± 5.36

17.94 ± 5.07

0.277

 Vitamin A (mg/day)

567.06 ± 356.17

821.43 ± 715.09

0.247

 Β-carotenoid (mg/day)

285.05 ± 265.38

401.34 ± 666.84

0.982

MET (min/day)

741.58 ± 395.72

874.4 ± 857.06

0.725

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

133.86 ± 12.83

128.27 ± 18.49

0.248

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

79.92 ± 8.22

78.95 ± 14.64

0.346

  1. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist to hip ratio, MET metabolic equivalent of tasks, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4, OHA oral hypoglycemic agent
  2. Mean ± SD (all such values)
  3. * Based on independent t test for continuous data and Chi square test for categorical variables, both groups were well matched in respect to baseline characteristics, except for height