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Table 1 Characteristics of the study subjects, as stratified by insulin resistance status

From: Potential roles of psychological and oxidative stress in insulin resistance: a cohort-based study

Variable

Insulin resistance

No insulin resistance

p

N (F)

122 (7)

112 (12)

 

Age; years

41.00 (39.62, 42.38)

40.00 (38.52, 41.47)

0.39

Metabolic syndrome; n (%)

86 (67.71)

24 (21.42%)

< 0.0001

Atherogenic dyslipidemia; n (%)

36 (28.35)

9 (8.03)

0.0001

FRS

5.40 (4.26, 6.53)

3.20 (2.22, 4.17)

0.0001

BMI; kg/m2

31.44 (30.55, 32.32)

27.75 (26.95, 28.55)

< 0.0001

W/H ratio

0.977 (0.973, 0.990)

0.91 (0.895, 0.926)

< 0.0001

Overweight; n (%)

44 (34.64)

58 (51.78)

0.01

Obesity; n (%)

78 (61.42)

25 (23.21)

< 0.0001

Stable CHD, n (%)

13 (10.23%)

4 (3.57%)

0.06

Coronary plaque; n (%)a

32 (33.33)

13 (21.31)

0.11

Hypertension; n(%)

87 (71.31)

49 (43.75)

< 0.0001

Current smoking; n (%)

42 (33.07)

35 (31.25)

0.98

Total cholesterol; mmol/L

5.40 (5.18, 5.61)

5.05 (4.81, 5.28)

0.08

LDL cholesterol; mmol/L

3.12 (2.94, 3.30)

2.99 (2.80, 3.17)

0.32

HDL cholesterol; mmol/L

1.20 (1.15, 1.24)

1.29 (1.25, 1.34)

0.01

Triglycerides, mmol/L

2.05 (1.68, 2.42)

1.34 (1.05, 1.62)

< 0.001

Glucose; mmol/L

5.40 (5.24, 5.57)

5.10 (4.99, 5.20)

< 0.0001

ALT; U/L

44.00 (40,49, 49.50)

38.00 (32,82, 39.77)

0.002

AST; U/L

34.00 (31.89, 36.90)

30.00 (28.07, 31.37)

0.002

Total bilirubin; µmol/L

12.00 (10.42, 13.57)

13.00 (11.53, 14.46)

0.16

Uric acid; µmol/L

378.00 (359.61, 396.38)

334.50 (315.95, 353.04)

< 0.0001

Serum creatinine; µmol/L

91.00 (87.78, 94.21)

89.00 (85.84, 92.15)

0.30

SBP; mm Hg

135.00 (131.40, 138.66)

120.00 (115.92, 124.07)

< 0.0001

DBP; mm Hg

85.00 (82.65, 87.35)

80.00 (76.56, 82.43)

0.0009

cIMT; mm

0.56 (0.550, 0.571)

0.54 (0.535, 0.547)

0.001

FMD; %

7.08 (6.30, 7.85)

7.57 (6.75, 8.38)

0.31

CRP; mg/L

1.29 (1.229, 1.36)

0.88 (0.53, 1.23)

0.0001

TNF-α; pg/mL

0.92 (0.90, 0.94)

0.82 (0.74, 0.89)

0.02

Fibrinogen; g/L

3.30 (3.11, 3.48)

3.20 (3.01, 3.38)

0.61

Insulin; µIU/mL

23.82 (20.10, 27.54)

11.37 (10.55, 12.18)

< 0.0001

HOMA-IR

3.02 (2.78, 3.26)

1.46 (1.35, 1.56)

< 0.0001

Plasma 8-iso-PGF2α; pg/mL

7.60 (6.55, 8.03)

6.39 (5.21, 6,56)

0.04

Urine cortisol; ng/mg of creatinine

119.70 (105.01, 134.40)

89.80 (76.90, 102.69)

< 0.001

PSS-10 score

17.00 (15.73, 18.27)

16.0 (14.86, 17.30)

0.62

Medications, n (%)

Aspirin

1 (0.82)

5 (4.46)

0.07

 ACEI/ARB

31 (25.40)

10 (8.93)

0.001

 β-blocker

28 (22.95)

12 (10.71)

0.01

 Ca-blocker

10 (8.10)

3 (2.68)

0.05

 Diuretics

22 (18.03)

5 (4.46)

0.001

 Lipid-lowering agents

7 (5.74)

4 (3.57)

0.43

  1. Data are expressed as no. (%), or median (95% CI)
  2. Framingham Risk Score, 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease; CHD coronary heart disease, BMI body mass index, W/H waist/hip, FMD flow-mediated dilation, cIMT carotid intima-media thickness, LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL high density lipoprotein, CRP C-reactive protein, 8-iso-PGF2α 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, TNF-α tissue necrotic factor-α, SBP (DBP) systolic (diastolic) blood pressure, HOMA-IR the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, PSS perceived stress scale, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase
  3. an (%) subjects who underwent computed tomography coronary angiography