Table 1 Maternal and pregnancy characteristics according to glucose status
Characteristics | GDM | MGH | ND | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
Age ≥ 25 years | 181 (87.86)a | 108 (81.20)a | 143 (62.72)b | <0.0001 |
Prenatal visits < 6 | 24 (13.04)a | 10 (9.17)ab | 11 (5.26)a | 0.0264 |
Multiparity (≥ 2) | 173 (86.93)a | 110 (85.27)a | 143 (64.71)b | <0.0001 |
Without partner | 14 (7.07)a | 19 (14.73)b | 36 (16.36)b | 0.0120 |
Nonwhite ethnicity | 73 (36.87) | 47 (37.01) | 78 (35.29) | 0.9270 |
Smoking | 41 (19.81) | 27 (20.30) | 34 (14.91) | 0.2995 |
Nonexercise/sedentarism | 107 (54.04)a | 86 (67.19)a | 160 (74.42)b | < 0.0001 |
Not working/housewife | 116 (58.88) | 72 (57.14) | 106 (48.85) | 0.0966 |
Family history of DM (1st degree) | 95 (47.50)a | 54 (41.54)a | 59 (26.94)b | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 75 (36.23)a | 55 (41.67)ab | 62 (27.43)a | 0.0161 |
Prepregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 169 (87.56)a | 95 (74.80)b | 124 (56.88)c | < 0.0001 |
Excessive weight gain | 77 (42.54) | 43 (37.72) | 90 (43.48) | 0.5885 |
OGTT-100 g (N = 220; mg/dL)a | ||||
 FPG ≥ 95 | 39 (54.93)a | 6 (9.09)b | 0 (0.00)b | <0.0001 |
 1 h ≥ 180 | 50 (70.42)a | 3 (4.55)b | 1 (1.20)b | < 0.0001 |
 2 h ≥ 165 | 52 (73.24)a | 4 (6.06)b | 2 (2.41)b | < 0.0001 |
 3 h ≥ 140 | 41 (57.75)a | 4 (6.06)b | 0 (0.00)b | < 0.0001 |
OGTT-75 g (N = 333; mg/dL)b | ||||
 FPG ≥ 92 | 77 (60.16)a | 0 (0.00)b | 0 (0.00)b | < 0.0001 |
 1 h ≥ 180 | 64 (51.20)a | 0 (0.00)b | 0 (0.00)b | < 0.0001 |
 2 h ≥ 153 | 63 (50.00)a | 0 (0.00)b | 0 (0.00)b | < 0.0001 |
GP mean ≥ 120 mg/dL (at diagnosis) | 14 (6.97)a | 2 (1.54)b | 1 (0.44)b | 0.0003 |
HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (at birth) | 21 (10.40)a | 7 (5.51)a | 2 (0.97)b | 0.0002 |
HbA1c ≥ 6.0% (at birth) | 57 (28.22)a | 27 (21.26)a | 15 (7.28)b | < 0.0001 |