Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study cohort at baseline
All 289 | Men 158 (54.7%) | Women 131 (45.3%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 63.3 ± 11.0 | 62.7 ± 12.0 | 64.0 ± 11.0 | ns |
Ethnic group (caucasian/black/Asian; %) | 95/2/3 | 94/3/3 | 97/1/2 | ns |
High school education or above (n; %) | 101; 34.9 | 53; 33.5 | 48; 36.6 | ns |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.5 ± 6.0 | 29.5 ± 5.3 | 31.7 ± 6.5 | 0.0026 |
Smoking habits (yes/no/ex; %) | 11/51/38 | 15/38/47 | 5/69/26 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 141.0 ± 19.7 | 140.0 ± 19.4 | 142.2 ± 20.3 | ns |
DBP (mmHg) | 83.0 ± 11.0 | 83.1 ± 11.0 | 83.0 ± 11.1 | ns |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 158 ± 57 | 158 ± 60 | 157 ± 54 | ns |
Hb1Ac (%) | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 7.7 ± 1.8 | ns |
Patients with HbA1c > 8% (n; %) | 73; 25.3 | 43; 27.2 | 30; 22.9 | ns |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 202 ± 43 | 192 ± 41 | 214 ± 44 | < 0.0001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48 ± 16 | 43 ± 11 | 55 ± 18 | < 0.0001 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 122 ± 42 | 114 ± 42 | 131 ± 41 | 0.0022 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 169 ± 106 | 179 ± 115 | 157 ± 92 | ns |
ALT (IU/L) | 32 ± 22 | 34 ± 25 | 30 ± 19 | ns |
AST (IU/L) | 24 ± 13 | 26 ± 13 | 23 ± 12 | ns |
γGT (IU/L) | 50 ± 59 | 57 ± 73 | 43 ± 36 | ns |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.95 ± 0.41 | 1.1 ± 0.45 | 0.77 ± 0.16 | < 0.0001 |
eGFR CKD-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 79.2 ± 21.0 | 77.3 ± 23.0 | 81.5 ± 18.0 | ns |
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n; %) | 38; 13.2 | 23; 14.6 | 15; 11.5 | ns |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.0 ± 1.8 | 6.3 ± 1.8 | 5.6 ± 1.5 | ns |
Diabetic retinopathy (n; %) | 7; 2.4 | 7; 4.4 | 0; 0 | 0.022 |
Previous CV disease (n; %) | 44; 15.2 | 37; 23.4 | 7; 5.3 | < 0.0001 |
Heart failure (n; %) | 19; 6.6 | 12; 7.6 | 7; 5.3 | ns |
Atrial fibrillation (n; %) | 23; 8.0 | 15; 9.5 | 8; 6.1 | ns |
Any cancer (n; %) | 50; 17.5 | 23; 14.6 | 27; 21.1 | ns |