Table 1 Characteristics of 343 participants according to a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Assessment index (PSQI) < 5 (indicating good quality of sleep)
Participants with PSQI < 5 (n = 83) | Participants with PSQI ≥ 5 (n = 260) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
N (%), mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) [traditional units] | |||
Demographics and lifestyle habits | |||
Age (years) | 92 (3) | 93 (3) | .455 |
Sex (female) | 54 (65) | 182 (70) | .816 |
Education (years) | 5 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | .404 |
Alcohol consumption (mL/day) | 4.5 (.9) | 4.7 (.7) | .169 |
Smoking (total lifetime pack years) | 3650 (1825–7300) | 3650 (1460–7300) | .676 |
Mediterranean diet score | 34.9 (2.9) | 34.1 (3.8) | .081 |
Living in nursing home | 8 (10) | 21 (8) | .653 |
Medications | |||
ACE-inhibitors | 31 (37) | 93 (36) | .896 |
Diuretics | 43 (52) | 137 (53) | .900 |
Beta-blockers | 16 (20) | 37 (14) | .293 |
Platelet antiaggregants | 46 (55) | 90 (35) | .001 |
Benzodiazepines | 7 (8) | 56 (22) | .006 |
Antidepressants | 14 (17) | 47 (18) | .870 |
Antipsychotics | 4 (5) | 22 (8) | .346 |
Analgesics or oppioids | 4 (5) | 22 (8) | .346 |
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 7 (8) | 40 (15) | .142 |
Corticosteroids | 1 (1) | 16 (6) | .083 |
Antihistaminics | 0 | 1 (1) | .999 |
Comorbid conditions | |||
Charlson comorbidity Index | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | .440 |
Metabolic syndrome | 28 (34) | 47 (18) | .004 |
Heart failure | 12 (15) | 67 (27) | .035 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 10 (13) | 38 (15) | .715 |
Stroke or cerebrovascular disease | 12 (15) | 55 (22) | .203 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 16 (20) | 50 (20) | .999 |
Connectivities | 3 (4) | 5 (2) | .409 |
Hepatic disease | 4 (5) | 10 (4) | .751 |
Depression | 1 (1) | 15 (6) | .132 |
Physical and cognitive performance | |||
Mini mental state examination | 20.1 (9.2) | 21.9 (6.7) | .052 |
Disability in BADL | 33 (40) | 129 (49) | .165 |
Disability in IADL | 69 (83) | 225 (86) | .472 |
Short physical performance battery | 7 (3) | 6 (3) | .225 |
Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 25.5 (4.2) | 25.5 (4.9) | .972 |
Biohumoral parameters | |||
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) | 39.5 (16.7) | 40.1 (16.9) | .800 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) [g/dL)] | 131 (17) [13.1 (1.7)] | 128 (15) [12.8 (1.5)] | .187 |
Total serum proteins (g/dL) [g/L] | 65 (7) [6.5 (.7)] | 65 (6) [6.5 (.6)] | .536 |
Albumin (proportion of 1) [%] | .56 (.05) [55.6 (4.6)] | .57 (.04) [57.2 (4.4)] | .013 |
C-reactive protein (nmol/L) [mg/L] | 3.43 (1.71–6.95) [.36 (.18–.73)] | 3.90 (1.62–7.52) [.41 (.17–.79)] | .347 |