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Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants

From: Association of serum fibroblast growth factor 19 levels with arteriosclerosis parameters assessed by arterial stiffness and atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes

Variable

Controls

T2D

p for trend

Total

T1

T2

T3

FGF19 (pg/mL)

232.3 (122.8–280.8)

138.2 (66.5–181.3)**

< 82.6

82.6–149.6

> 149.6

 

N (male %)

50 (19.6)

200 (60.5)**

67 (62.7)

67 (53.7)

66 (65.2)

0.776

Diabetes duration (months)

N

49.23 (1.0–72.0)

51.38 (2.0–96.0)

61.22 (1.0–96.0)

34.87 (1.0–36.25)

0.185

Age (years)

35.3 ± 10.9

52.4 ± 10.7**

52.1 ± 11.2

52.3 ± 10.2

53.0 ± 10.8

0.626

BMI (kg/m2)

22.5 ± 2.7

25.8 ± 3.6**

26.3 ± 3.5

26.0 ± 3.1

25.2 ± 4.1

0.061

SBP (mmHg)

109.8 ± 7.1

136.2 ± 16.4**

134.6 ± 16.8

136.7 ± 15.0

137.5 ± 17.4

0.300

DBP (mmHg)

76.0 ± 9.5

81.9 ± 11.2**

80.8 ± 10.8

81.7 ± 9.9

83.3 ± 12.7

0.211

Antidiabetic treatment

  Lifestyle intervention alone, n (%)

N

2 (1.0)

0

1 (1.5)

1 (1.5)

0.252

  Insulin treatments, n (%)

N

136 (68.0)

43 (64.2)

49 (73.1)

44 (66.7)

0.250

  Insulin-secretagogues, n (%)

N

87 (43.5)

27 (40.3)

32 (47.8)

28 (42.4)

0.290

  Insulin-sensitisers, n (%)

N

24 (12.0)

6 (9.0)

10 (14.9)

8 (12.1)

0.511

Hypertension, n (%)

N

89 (44.5)

33 (49.3)

27 (40.3)

29 (43.9)

0.047#

Statins, n (%)

N

17 (8.5)

10 (14.9)

3 (4.5)

4 (6.1)

0.711

NAFLD, n (%)

N

89 (44.5)

35 (52.2)

25 (37.3)

29 (43.9)

0.264

NFS

N

− 23.71 ± 2.65

− 24.25 ± 2.61

− 23.20 ± 2.69

− 23.71 ± 2.59

0.264

FPG (mmol/L)

4.63 ± 0.20

6.12 ± 1.72**

6.04 ± 1.77

6.18 ± 1.82

6.13 ± 1.57

0.766

2hPG (mmol/L)

9.24 ± 2.28

16.78 ± 3.75**

16.39 ± 3.95

17.40 ± 3.28

16.54 ± 3.98

0.833

HbA1c (%)

N

9.46 ± 2.29

9.41 ± 2.22

9.91 ± 2.54

9.01 ± 2.02

0.346

ISHOMA-cp

N

10.06 (2.72–8.65)

9.91 (2.81–9.16)

12.86 (2.72–10.15)

7.33 (2.37–7.64)

0.720

UA (μmol/L)

N

314.36 (250.0–377.0)

323.76 (251.0–404.0)

309.7 (248.3–357.5)

309.5 (242.5–380.5)

0.434

TC (mmol/L)

4.31 ± 0.80

4.44 ± 0.82

4.42 ± 0.86

4.61 ± 0.86

4.29 ± 0.71

0.377

TG (mmol/L)

1.22 (0.60–1.54)

2.11 (1.32–2.67)**

2.45 (1.58–3.07)

2.12 (1.20–2.74)

1.76 (1.18–2.17)

0.001###

HDL-c (mmol/L)

1.34 ± 0.17

1.12 ± 0.29**

1.06 ± 0.26

1.13 ± 0.23

1.17 ± 0.35

0.025#

LDL-c (mmol/L)

2.54 ± 0.56

2.82 ± 0.70*

2.82 ± 0.70

2.96 ± 0.70

2.67 ± 0.67

0.198

LPa (mg/L)

N

186.5 (45.0–243.0)

178.7 (35.0–264.0)

171.7 (45.0–230.0)

223.2 (49.0–245.0)

0.445

InAIP

− 0.13 ± 0.30

0.23 ± 0.25**

0.33 ± 0.23

0.23 ± 0.27

0.15 ± 0.21

0.001###

baPWV (cm/s)

N

1879.8 ± 355.2

2029.6 ± 330.3

1870.0 ± 329.4

1737.7 ± 348.9

0.001###

  1. Categorical variables are frequency (percentage), normally distributed values in the table are mean ± SD and non-normally distributed values are median (25 and 75% interquartiles)
  2. FGF19 fibroblast growth factor 19, BMI body mass index, SBP/DBP systolic/diastolic blood pressure, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 2hPG 2-h postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, ISHOMA-cp homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity calculated using glucose and C-peptide in fasting status, UA uric acid, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LPa lipoprotein a, AIP atherogenic index of plasma, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, NFS NAFLD fibrosis score
  3. p values for continuous variables and categorical variables were determined by ANOVA and the Chi squared test, respectively. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001
  4. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, the comparison of T2D with Controls
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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