Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants by group
Characteristic | Placebo group (n = 42) | Omega 3 group (n = 42) | Vitamin D group (n = 42) | Vitamin D + Omega 3 group (n = 42) | P value¶ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 41.85 (7.48) | 39.78 (6.88) | 39.92 (6.04) | 39.00 (7.68) | 0.29 |
Vitamin D | 25.47 (5.83) | 23.56 (6.42) | 21.43(8) | 22.03 (6.92) | .44 |
FBS (mg/dL) | 104.52 (6.39) | 103.87 (5.88) | 103.74 (5.11) | 103.71 (4.73) | .98 |
Insulin (µIU/mL) | 7.36 (4.12) | 9.14 (3.14) | 7.73 (3.66) | 10.35 (3.13) | .30 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 123.69 (48.17) | 132.10 (66.77) | 126.68 (77.7) | 137.42 (67.02) | .77 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.59 (32.82) | 194.05 (32.4) | 197.73 (37.8) | 199.35 (42.11) | .40 |
HDL-c (mg/dL) | 48.43 (8.76) | 51.08 (8.91) | 51.73 (11.47) | 48.55 (8.92) | .34 |
LDL-c (mg/dL) | 111 (30.74) | 115.36 (26.91) | 119.15 (32.71) | 122.76 (36.47) | .40 |
Weight (kg) | 74.32 (12.65) | 69.65 (9.09) | 72.80 (9.23) | 72.54 (10.62) | .24 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.28 (2.74) | 27.17 (2.74) | 27.01 (2.91) | 27.04 (2.86) | .82 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 85.05 (10.42) | 82.78 (6.41) | 84.6 (8.49) | 85.29 (9.85) | .62 |
Dietary energy intake (kcal) | 1639.0 (601.9) | 1645.5 (451.8) | 1523 (499.6) | 1570.60 (509.8) | .26 |
Physical activity (MET-min/week) | 698.19 (618.83) | 815.34 (778.54) | 706.78 (656.76) | 808.66 (766.99) | .85 |
Time spent out door (h/day) | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.8) | .88 |