Temporal trends of incident diabetes mellitus and subsequent outcomes in patients receiving kidney transplantation: a national cohort study in Taiwan

Table 2 Risk of graft failure, MACE, all-cause mortality, and death with functioning graft in kidney transplant recipients stratified by diabetes status

DM Status^a	Graft failure				MACE				All-cause mortality		Death with functioning graft
	Cox model		Cox model and competing risk		Cox model		Cox model and competing risk		Cox model		Cox model
	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p
Non-DM	(Reference)		(Reference)		(Reference)		(Reference)		(Reference)		(Reference)
PTDM	1.75 (1.56–1.96)	< 0.001	1.65 (1.47–1.85)	< 0.001	1.59 (1.38–1.84)	< 0.001	1.51 (1.31–1.74)	< 0.001	1.79 (1.59–2.01)	< 0.001	1.94 (1.71–2.20)	< 0.001
DM	1.40 (1.24–1.57)	< 0.001	1.33 (1.18–1.50)	< 0.001	1.74 (1.50–2.02)	< 0.001	1.64 (1.41–1.90)	< 0.001	2.03 (1.81–2.28)	< 0.001	1.94 (1.71–2.21)	< 0.001

MACE major adverse cardiovascular event, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, DM diabetes mellitus, PTDM post-transplant diabetes mellitus
^aAll HRs (95% CI) were calculated by using Cox proportional hazards model with counting process accounted for time-dependent variables and weighted by the propensity scores. Propensity scores for the three groups stratified by DM status were calculated from variables of gender, age, Charlson comorbidity scores, place of residence, income levels, occupations, presence of comorbidities (including malignancy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus), cyclosporin, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, steroid, kidney transplantation rejection and cytomegalovirus infection. Competing risk of death with functioning graft was calculated as informative death-censoring mechanism for evaluating the outcome model of graft failure excluding death with functioning graft. Competing risk of death without experiencing MACE was calculated as informative death-censoring mechanism for evaluating the outcome model of MACE

ISSN: 1758-5996