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Table 6 Investigations on melatonin and diabetic wound healing

From: Melatonin: new insights on its therapeutic properties in diabetic complications

Type of study

Route of administration

Treatment duration

Targets

Effect(s)

Refs.

In vivo dose (animal)

In vitro concentration (cell type)

1.2 mg/kg (male Sprague–Dawley rats)

Intra‐dermal

1 week

 iNOS, COX‐1, COX‐2, VEGF, arginase‐I, arginase‐II, HO‐1 and HO‐2

Melatonin improved the quality of wound healing and scar formation

[190]

10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 μM (endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs))

2 h

mTOR, 4EBP1, AMPKα, p70S6K, and P62

Melatonin inhibited apoptosis and dysfunction of EPCs via autophagy flux stimulation 

[191]

(male ICR mice)

1 μm

Umbilical cord blood (UCB)‐MSCs

24 h

FAK/paxillin, Cdc42/Arp2/3, PKC, Gαq and

Melatonin enhanced wound closure, granulation, and re‐epithelialization at mouse skin wound sites

[192]

1 mM keratinocytes

24 h

TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, ROS, SOD, MDA

Melatonin increased migration and proliferation and reduced apoptosis of keratinocytes 

[193]