From: Melatonin: new insights on its therapeutic properties in diabetic complications
Type of study | Route of administration | Treatment duration | Target | Effect(s) | Refs. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In vivo dose (animal) | In vitro concentration (cell type) | |||||
10 mg/kg/day (male Sprague–Dawley rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 7 days | MAPK pathway, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 | Anti-apoptotic effects, Anti-inflammatory effects | [107] |
10 mg/kg/day (male Wistar rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 4 weeks | HIF-1α, VEGF-A, PEDF | Antioxidant effects | [110] |
20 mg (male Wistar rats) | – | Subcutaneous pellet | 12 weeks | NOS, TNF-α, CAT, | Protective effects on the retina against the alterations | [196] |
20 mg/kg/day (male WISTAR rats) | – | Oral | 7 weeks | MDA, ROS | Protective effects on the retina against the alterations | [108] |
10 mg/kg/day (male Sprague–Dawley rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 12 weeks | glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), Nrf2, TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB | Anti-inflammatory effects, Antioxidant effects | [106] |
– | 10 nM–0.1 mM (Müller cells) | – | 48 h | VEGF, Akt | Antioxidant effects | [105] |