Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the number of metabolic syndrome components
Number of components | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
Participants, n | 6,269,899 | 5,574,829 | 3,907,472 | 2,389,166 | 1,083,306 | 250,971 |
Age, years | 39.69 ± 12.02 | 45.02 ± 13.31 | 48.83 ± 13.36 | 51.86 ± 13.26 | 54.42 ± 13.05 | 56.62 ± 12.56 |
20–39, % | 48.87 | 34.05 | 24.5 | 18.1 | 13.34 | 9.23 |
40–64, % | 47.81 | 57.24 | 62.27 | 63.68 | 63.14 | 62.53 |
≥ 65, % | 3.32 | 8.72 | 13.23 | 18.22 | 23.51 | 28.24 |
Male, % | 39.64 | 52.24 | 58.27 | 57.94 | 55.09 | 51.09 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.76 ± 2.47 | 23.09 ± 2.76 | 24.43 ± 3.03 | 25.52 ± 3.15 | 26.65 ± 3.17 | 27.29 ± 2.96 |
< 25, % | 69.74 | 49.88 | 32.26 | 20.54 | 11.64 | 2.14 |
≥ 25, % | 30.26 | 50.12 | 67.74 | 79.46 | 88.36 | 97.86 |
Waist circumference, cm | 73.68 ± 7.12 | 78.09 ± 7.67 | 82.32 ± 8.12 | 85.52 ± 8.26 | 89.04 ± 7.85 | 93.08 ± 5.53 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 185.13 ± 30.92 | 191.59 ± 34.31 | 201.36 ± 37.03 | 206.72 ± 39.52 | 208.44 ± 41.61 | 208.33 ± 42.91 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 62.18 ± 13.71 | 56.42 ± 16.63 | 52.54 ± 16.99 | 49.5 ± 16.32 | 47.63 ± 15.68 | 46.3 ± 14.96 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 106.98 ± 28.91 | 113.5 ± 31 | 118.65 ± 34.39 | 119.9 ± 37.52 | 119.48 ± 39.8 | 118.78 ± 41.44 |
Triglycerides, mg/dla | 74.86 (74.84–74.88) | 98.33 (98.3–98.37) | 135.17 (135.1–135.24) | 169.91 (169.79–170.02) | 189.52 (189.34–189.7) | 197.51 (197.11–197.92) |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 111.55 ± 9.28 | 121.12 ± 13.75 | 126.45 ± 14.39 | 130.58 ± 14.32 | 133.66 ± 14.07 | 135.36 ± 14.15 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 69.95 ± 7.28 | 75.65 ± 9.47 | 78.83 ± 9.82 | 81.18 ± 9.89 | 82.75 ± 9.86 | 83.46 ± 9.93 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l | 86.76 ± 7.62 | 91.55 ± 10.41 | 95.39 ± 11.5 | 97.85 ± 11.76 | 101.95 ± 11.35 | 108.78 ± 6.96 |
Current smokers | 1,317,896 (21.02) | 1,454,996 (26.1) | 1,124,501 (28.78) | 671,147 (28.09) | 275,492 (25.43) | 55,468 (22.1) |
Heavy alcohol drinker (≥ 30 g/day) | 254,425 (4.06) | 355,292 (6.37) | 323,275 (8.27) | 216,731 (9.07) | 96,259 (8.89) | 21,012 (8.37) |
Regular exercise (yes) | 3,204,800 (51.11) | 2,829,184 (50.75) | 1,957,155 (50.09) | 1,170,131 (48.98) | 513,768 (47.43) | 112,812 (44.95) |
Income (lower 25%) | 1,755,411 (28) | 1,514,204 (27.16) | 1,003,101 (25.67) | 597,012 (24.99) | 268,774 (24.81) | 62,445 (24.88) |