Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the total study population (n = 137) and according to the randomized groups
All (137) | Exercise (52) | Control (62) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 64 (58, 69) | 65 (58, 70) | 64 (60, 68) |
Sex (m/f) | 115/22 | 45/7 | 51/11 |
Previous AMI, n (%) | 62 (45) | 20 (39) | 31 (49) |
Advanced vascular disease, n (%)a | 79 (57) | 28 (54) | 41 (66) |
CHF, n (%) | 11 (8) | 2 (4) | 5 (8) |
PAD, n (%) | 13 (9, 5) | 3 (6) | 6 (10) |
Years with DM | 9.0 (5, 15) | 11.0 (5.0, 15.0) | 9.0 (5.5, 13.5) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 100 (73) | 39 (75) | 48 (76) |
Current smokers, n (%) | 23 (16.8) | 9 (17) | 9 (14) |
SBP (mmHg) | 138 (127, 150) | 136 (129, 150) | 140 (126, 150) |
DBP (mmHg) | 79 (71, 86) | 76 (71, 82) | 81 (71, 87) |
Weight (kg) | 86.5 (77.1, 97.0) | 87.0 (78.5, 99.0) | 85.0 (77.5, 96.0) |
HbA1c (%) | 7.4 (6.8, 8.3) | 7.4 (6.8, 8.4) | 7.4 (6.8, 8.0) |
Insulin (pmol/L) | 57 (33, 101) | 54 (31, 95) | 63 (32, 104) |
C-peptide (pmol/L) | 965 (713, 1290) | 956 (637, 1165) | 1042 (743, 1453) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.9 (3.4, 4.6) | 3.8 (3.4, 4.3) | 4.0 (3.3, 4.8) |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.42 (1.06, 1.91) | 1.44 (1.09, 1.86) | 1.36 (0.99, 1.88) |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.6, 2.6) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.5) | 2.2 (1.6, 2.9) |
HOMA2-IR | 1.3 (0.7, 2.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.2) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 (25.7, 31.6) | 29.4 (25.5, 31.8) | 28.1 (25.6, 31.6) |
Medication, n (%) | |||
ACE-inhibitors | 43 (31.6) | 14 (27) | 21 (34) |
A2-blockers | 55 (40.1) | 20 (38) | 25 (40) |
Statins | 128 (93.4) | 49 (94) | 59 (95) |
Metformin | 101 (73.7) | 40 (77) | 46 (74) |
Sulfonylureas | 48 (35.0) | 23 (44) | 18 (29) |
Gliptin | 17 (12.4) | 6 (12) | 11 (18) |
Insulin | 26 (19.1) | 12 (17.4) | 14 (20.9) |
Anti-platelet drugs | 129 (94) | 47 (90) | 61 (98)* |