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Table 4 Comparisons among DD levels, anxiety and depressive symptoms according to chronic complications (yes: n = 45; no: n = 25)—Anova

From: Relatively young T1D adults using fixed doses of insulin have higher diabetes distress levels in a sample of patients from a Brazilian tertiary hospital

Variable

Complications

Mean ± SD/median

p-value

DDS

 

Yes

41.93 ± 20.29/38.00

0.5959

 

No

34.08 ± 19.34/29.00

 

DDS-S1

 
 

Yes

14.58 ± 8.21/12.00

0.7011

 

No

12.40 ± 8.99/9.00

 

DDS-S2

 

Yes

6.87 ± 4.95/4.00

0.6223

 

No

5.32 ± 2.23/4.00

 

DDS-S3

 

Yes

15.36 ± 7.63/15.00

0.8381

 

No

13.12 ± 8.03/10.00

 

DDS-S4

 

Yes

6.22 ± 3.73/5.00

0.4695

 

No

5.84 ± 4.81/3.00

 

HAD-A

 

Yes

8.00 ± 4.84/7.00

0.3559

 

No

7.52 ± 5.28/7.00

 

HAD-D

 

Yes

7.38 ± 5.07/7.00

0.1989

 

No

5.60 ± 4.98/4.00

 
  1. DDS total score (DDS: Diabetes Distress Scale); DDS-S1 score (S1: emotional burden); DDS-S2 score (S2: physician distress); DDS-S3 score (S3: regimen distress); DDS-S4 score (S4: interpersonal distress); HAD-A score: anxiety symptoms (HAD-A: anxiety subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale); HAD-D score: depressive symptoms (HAD-D: depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). T1D chronic complications 0–3: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy. Values expressed as mean, SD (standard deviation) and median