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Table 2 Comparisons among DD levels, anxiety and depressive symptoms according to age (age < 25 years: n = 21; age ≥ 25 years: n = 49)—Anova

From: Relatively young T1D adults using fixed doses of insulin have higher diabetes distress levels in a sample of patients from a Brazilian tertiary hospital

Variable

Mean ± SD/median

p-value

DDS-total

 < 25

30.48 ± 15.05/25.00

0.0048

 ≥ 25

42.84 ± 21.07/36.00

 

DDS-S1

 < 25

12.14 ± 8.46/10.00

0.1821

 ≥ 25

14.51 ± 8.50/12.00

 

DDS-S2

 < 25

4.86 ± 1.71/4.00

0.0413

 ≥ 25

6.94 ± 4.81/5.00

 

DDS-S3

 < 25

12.57 ± 7.33/10.00

0.1144

 ≥ 25

15.41 ± 7.90/15.00

 

DDS-S4

 < 25

4.95 ± 3.25/4.00

0.2048

 ≥ 25

6.57 ± 4.38/5.00

 

HAD-A

 < 25

7.33 ± 4.23/7.00

0.7611

 ≥ 25

8.04 ± 5.28/7.00

 

HAD-D

 < 25

5.76 ± 4.04/5.00

0.3522

 ≥ 25

7.16 ± 5.45/6.00

 
  1. DDS total score (DDS: Diabetes Distress Scale); DDS-S1 score (S1: emotional burden); DDS-S2 score (S2: physician distress); DDS-S3 score (S3: regimen distress); DDS-S4 score (S4: interpersonal distress); HAD-A score: anxiety symptoms (Anxiety subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale); HAD-D score: depressive symptoms (depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Values expressed as mean, SD (standard deviation), and median