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Table 2 Dietary intake of study participants after 8 weeks of intervention

From: Effect of synbiotic bread containing lactic acid on glycemic indicators, biomarkers of antioxidant status and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Variable

Study groups

Baseline

End-of-trial

P-valuea

Energy (kcal/day)

I: Control bread

2203.21 ± 81.02

2192.00 ± 70.79

0.87

II: Lactic acid bread

2094.62 ± 58.68

2130.44 ± 59.14

III: Synbiotic bread

2212.38 ± 81.17

2138.17 ± 56.97

IV: Synbiotic + lactic acid bread

2085.71± 57.79

2130.28 ± 58.66

Carbohydrate

(g/day)

I: Control bread

313.44 ± 8.61

311.08 ± 8.55

0.22

II: Lactic acid bread

295.04 ± 8.91

295.72 ± 7.00

III: Synbiotic bread

313.44 ± 8.61

311.68 ± 8.44

IV: Synbiotic + lactic acid bread

295.04 ± 8.91

293.44 ± 7.88

Protein

(g/day)

I: Control bread

70.64 ± 6.50

69.84 ± 5.62

0.14

II: Lactic acid bread

59.60 ± 3.73

57.00 ± 3.13

III: Synbiotic bread

70.64 ± 6.50

69.48 ± 5.63

IV: Synbiotic + lactic acid bread

59.60 ± 3.73

60.52 ± 4.26

Total fat

(g/day)

I: Control bread

81.84 ± 3.36

80.48 ± 2.84

0.84

II: Lactic acid bread

79.72 ± 2.09

78.28 ± 2.41

III: Synbiotic bread

82.16 ± 3.19

79.44 ± 2.62

IV: Synbiotic + lactic acid bread

79.70 ± 2.09

77.23 ± 13.79

SFA

(g/day)

I: Control bread

22.47 ± 1.30

20.62 ± 0.95

0.24

II: Lactic acid bread

18.99 ± 0.55

19.75 ± 0.93

III: Synbiotic bread

22.47 ± 1.30

22.84 ± 1.22

IV: Synbiotic + lactic acid bread

18.99 ± 0.55

21.26 ± 1.21

TDF

(g/day)

I: Control bread

14.27 ± 0.53

14.58 ± 0.47

0.75

II: Lactic acid bread

15.14 ± 0.67

14.60 ± 0.75

III: Synbiotic bread

13.32 ± 0.60

14.19 ± 0.49

IV: Synbiotic + lactic acid bread

15.10 ± 0.63

15.06 ± 0.50

Vitamin D (μg/day)

I: Control bread

5.07± 0.12

5.02 ±0.11

0.44

II: Lactic acid bread

4.75 ± 0.14

4.95 ± 0.14

III: Synbiotic bread

5.07 ± 0.12

4.79 ± 0.14

IV: Synbiotic + lactic acid bread

4.75 ± 0.14

4.76 ± 0.12

Vitamin C

(mg/day)

I: Control bread

17.28 ± 0.72

16.61 ± 0.61

0.85

II: Lactic acid bread

16.88 ± 0.59

16.97 ± 0.58

III: Synbiotic bread

17.28 ± 0.72

17.15 ± 0.69

IV: Synbiotic + lactic acid bread

16.88 ± 0.59

17.36 ± 0.55

Zinc

(mg/day)

I: Control bread

7.38 ± 0.21

7.16 ± 0.21

0.18

II: Lactic acid bread

5.72 ± 0.20

6.52 ± 0.27

III: Synbiotic bread

7.38 ± 0.21

6.84 ± 0.21

IV: Synbiotic + lactic acid bread

5.72 ± 0.20

6.58 ± 0.20

  1. All values are mean ± SEM
  2. SFA saturated fatty acid, TDF total dietary fiber
  3. aObtained from One-way ANOVA
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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