| Method or sample used | > 14 week | 14–19 week | 20–23 week | 24–30 week | 31–34 week | 35–37 week | 38 week | 39 week | 40 week | Birth | 28 days after birth |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternala,b | ||||||||||||
 Past medical, reproductive and obstetrics history | ||||||||||||
 Weight | Calibrated scale | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |  |  |
 Height | Stadiometer | a |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic) | Calibrated mercury sphygmomanometer | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |  |  |
 Fundal height | Measuring tape |  | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |  |  |
 Fetal heart rate |  |  | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |  |  |
 Fetal ultrasound |  | a |  |  | a |  | a |  |  |  |  |  |
 FPG | Venous sample | a |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 OGTT-75 g or GCT following OGTT-100 g | Venous sample |  |  |  | a |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Quality of life | Questionnaire |  | a | a | a | a |  | a |  |  |  |  |
 Drug adherence | Questionnaire |  | a | a | a | a |  | a |  |  |  |  |
 GDM treatment satisfaction | Questionnaire |  | a | a | a | a |  | a |  |  |  |  |
 Cost-effectiveness | Questionnaire |  | a | a | a | a |  | a |  |  | a |  |
 Feto-maternal outcomesc |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | a |  |
Neonatala,b | ||||||||||||
 C-peptide | Cord sample |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | a |  |
 Weight | Calibrated baby scale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | a |  |
 Recumbent length | Infantometer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | a |  |
 Head circumference | Measuring tape |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | a |  |
 Blood glucosee | Heel-stick sample |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | a |  |
 Neonatal outcomesd |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | a | a |