Treatment patterns of drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese hospital database

Table 3 Patient characteristics associated with additional treatment during 180 days post-index date

Patient characteristics	OR	95% CI
Patient characteristics	OR	Lower limit	Upper limit
HbA1c level %^a	1.45*	1.42	1.48
Diabetic retinopathy^a	1.33*	1.29	1.37
Patient total visits^a	1.18*	1.14	1.22
Diabetic nephropathy^a	1.08*	1.04	1.11
Diabetic neuropathy^a	1.05^§	1.02	1.09
Gender (male vs female^b)	1.03^{^}	1.01	1.06
BMI^a	1.00^#	0.99	1.01
Age at index date	0.98*	0.98	0.98
Renal disease^a	0.94^ψ	0.91	0.98
Liver disease^a	0.88*	0.85	0.90
Coronary heart disease and stroke^a	0.73*	0.72	0.75

An OR > 1 indicates a positive association with receiving additional treatment
BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, ns non significant, OR odds ratio
* p < 0.0001, ^§p = 0.0037, ^{^}p = 0.0026, ^ψp = 0.0014, ^#p = 0.721 (ns). Patient’s total visits > sample median total visits vs patient’s total visits ≤ sample median total visits
^aAssessed within the 180 days before the index date
^bFemale were the referent group for male vs female

ISSN: 1758-5996