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Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants

From: Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 and endogenous islet beta cell function in type 2 diabetic patients

Variable

NC

N-DM

DM

n

64

85

122

Female n (%)

82.8

34.1**

43.4**

Age (years)

33.61 ± 10.64

51.38 ± 10.87**

53.15 ± 10.14**

BMI (kg/m2)

22.20 ± 2.59

25.41 ± 4.25**

25.60 ± 3.16**

W (cm)

N

92.62 ± 10.16

92.95 ± 9.82

SBP (mmHg)

110.3 (108.0–112.0)

137.2 (124.0–150.5)**

135.4 (127.0–145.0)**

DBP (mmHg)

90.1 (70.0–82.0)

83.8 (76.0–91.0)*

80.63 (74.0–89.0)*

FPG (mmol/L)

4.41 ± 0.30

5.97 ± 1.62**

5.81 ± 1.80**

FINS (mU/L)

N

112.0 (56.72–121.32)

160.19 (84.22–179.49)##

2hPG (mmol/L)

N

16.09 ± 3.98

16.81 ± 4.08

HbA1c (%)

N

9.48 ± 2.56

9.48 ± 2.44

HOMA-IR

N

28.92 (14.38–33.00)

41.55 (18.67–50.06)#

TC (mmol/L)

4.31 ± 0.79

4.55 ± 0.75

4.46 ± 1.04

TG (mmol/L)

1.21 ± 0.89

2.25 ± 2.05*

2.36 ± 2.23**

HDL-c (mmol/L)

1.34 ± 0.17

1.10 ± 0.28**

1.17 ± 0.32**

LDL-c (mmol/L)

2.52 ± 0.56

2.90 ± 0.68*

2.79 ± 0.93

FGF19 (pg/mL)

245.03 (126.23–317.43)

170.05 (89.01–244.70)*

142.25 (55.55–187.58)**,#

MI

N

9.39 ± 2.95

8.42 ± 3.58

AUCins/glu

N

16.23 (6.92–19.43)

16.45 (7.09–20.93)

ISSI-2

N

146.44 (62.03–187.35)

122.94 (55.48–146.59)#

  1. Categorical variables are frequency (percentage), normally distributed values in the table are mean ± SD and non-normally distributed values are median (25 and 75% interquartiles)
  2. BMI body mass index, W waist, SBP/DBP systolic/diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, FIN fasting plasma insulin, 2hPG 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, FGF19 fibroblast growth factor 19, MI Matsuda index, AUCins/glu the ratio of total area-under-the- insulin-curve to glucose-curve, ISSI-2 Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2
  3. p-values were determined using Student’s t-test, the Mann–Whitney U-test or the Chi-square test as appropriate
  4. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, the comparison of N-DM and DM with CN
  5. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, the comparison of N-DM and DM