Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity by tertiles of dietary patterns
| Â | Tertiles of dietary patterns | P for trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
Healthy pattern | ||||
 Age (years) | 9.3 ± 1.8 | 9.4 ± 1.8 | 9.1 ± 1.6 | 0.264 |
 Girls (%) | 38.9 | 49.1 | 55.3 | 0.013 |
 Pre-puberty (%) | 20.4 | 16.1 | 15.8 | 0.366 |
 BMI Z-score | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 0.513 |
 Body fat (%) | 26.8 ± 6.9 | 26.0 ± 6.7 | 25.4 ± 6.2 | 0.215 |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 100.0 (90.0–110.0) | 100.0 (96.5–113.0) | 100.0 (95.0–110.0) | 0.706 |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 60.0 (60.0–70.0) | 65.0 (60.0–70.0) | 60.0 (60.0–70.0) | 0.109 |
 Watching TV (h/day) | 3.5 ± 0.95 | 3.6 ± 0.97 | 3.3 ± 0.94 | 0.040 |
 Smoking exposure (%) | 36.6 | 32.9 | 30.5 | 0.391 |
 LDL-C (mg/dl) | 97.8 ± 25.6 | 97.0 ± 26.9 | 97.5 ± 25.4 | 0.974 |
 cIMT (mm) | 0.400 ± 0.053 | 0.407 ± 0.063 | 0.401 ± 0.056 | 0.998 |
Traditional pattern | ||||
 Age (years) | 9.5 ± 1.7 | 9.2 ± 1.6 | 9.1 ± 1.8 | 0.221 |
 Girls (%) | 46.0 | 51.3 | 46.0 | 1.000 |
 Pre-puberty (%) | 15.0 | 17.7 | 19.5 | 0.381 |
 BMI Z-score | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 0.981 |
 Body fat (%) | 25.4 ± 6.4 | 26.7 ± 5.7 | 26.1 ± 7.6 | 0.166 |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 100.0 (96.5–113.0) | 100.0 (99.0–115.0) | 101.5 (90.0–110.0) | 0.855 |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 60.0 (60.0–70.0) | 63.0 (60.0–70.0) | 61.0 (60.0–70.0) | 0.761 |
 Watching TV (h/day) | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 0.990 |
 Smoke exposure (%) | 37.8 | 26.8 | 35.4 | 0.663 |
 LDL-C (mg/dl) | 95.8 ± 23.6 | 94.3 ± 27.3 | 102.2 ± 26.3 | 0.659 |
 cIMT (mm) | 0.401 ± 0.064 | 0.403 ± 0.058 | 0.404 ± 0.049 | 0.474 |
Unhealthy pattern | ||||
 Age (year) | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 9.2 ± 1.6 | 9.3 ± 1.8 | 0.957 |
 Girls (%) | 48.2 | 53.1 | 42.1 | 0.355 |
 Pre-puberty (%) | 13.4 | 16.8 | 21.9 | 0.090 |
 BMI Z-score | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 0.940 |
 Body fat (%) | 25.9 ± 6.7 | 26.9 ± 5.7 | 25.3 ± 7.4 | 0.852 |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 103.0 (100.0–115.0) | 100.0 (90.0–110.0) | 100.0 (93.7–110.0) | 0.043 |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 65.0 (60.0–70.0) | 60.0 (60.0–70.0) | 60.0 (60.0–70.0) | 0.139 |
 Watching TV (h/day) | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 0.178 |
 Smoke exposure (%) | 23.2 | 32.9 | 43.9 | 0.016 |
 LDL-C (mg/dl) | 96.4 ± 26.9 | 98.8 ± 27.5 | 97.1 ± 23.5 | 0.623 |
 cIMT (mm) | 0.399 ± 0.056 | 0.398 ± 0.057 | 0.411 ± 0.059 | 0.153 |