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Fig. 1 | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Fig. 1

From: Glycemic variability is associated with vascular calcification by the markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis, Wnt1, galectin-3 and BMP-2

Fig. 1

The effect of glycemic variability (GV) on calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Rat VSMCs were cultured in different medium according to GV for 10 days. a VSMC calcification was examined by von Kossa staining. b Calcium content was examined by the ocresolphthalein complex one method and was normalized to the cellular protein concentration. The calcium content was higher in the HGV group than the LGV and CH groups (p < 0.01). The calcium content was similar between the CH and LGV groups (p = 0.71) The data shown are representative of the results from three independent experiments, each performed in duplicate. *p < 0.05 compared with the individual groups

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