Table 3 Differences in frequency of consumption of individual foods between BMI groups
Pre-conceptionally | Pregnancy | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal weight | Overweight an obese | U | p | Total | Normal weight | Overweight and obese | U | p | Total | |||||||
Median | rs with BMI | Median | rs with BMI | Median | rs with BMI | Median | rs with GWG | Median | rs with GWG | Median | rs with GWG | |||||
Vegetables | 6.0 | 0.164 | 6.0 | 0.069 | 265.0 | 0.365 | 6.0 | − 0.008 | 6.5 | − 0.019 | 7.0 | 0.050 | 159.5 | 0.770 | 7.0 | − 0.056 |
Fruits | 7.0 | − 0.034 | 5.0 | 0.204 | 116.5 | 0.000 | 6.5 | − 0.405* | 7.0 | 0.186 | 6.0 | − 0.261 | 98.0 | 0.407 | 7.0 | 0.178 |
Beef | 2.5 | − 0.206 | 3.0 | − 0.164 | 407.0 | 0.029 | 3.0 | 0.111 | 3.0 | 0.034 | 3.0 | 0.291 | 182.0 | 0.331 | 3.0 | 0.025 |
Pork | 2.0 | 0.381* | 2.0 | − 0.347 | 325.5 | 0.392 | 2.0 | 0.242 | 2.0 | 0.097 | 3.0 | − 0.112 | 204.0 | 0.095 | 2.0 | − 0.027 |
Chicken meat | 3.0 | − 0.153 | 3.0 | 0.188 | 281.5 | 0.638 | 3.0 | − 0.109 | 3.0 | 0.025 | 3.5 | − 0.173 | 162.5 | 0.701 | 3.0 | − 0.023 |
Processed meat products | 3.0 | − 0.145 | 2.5 | − 0.048 | 311.5 | 0.992 | 3.0 | − 0.074 | 2.0 | 0.062 | 2.0 | 0.130 | 180.5 | 0.346 | 2.0 | − 0.028 |
Eggs | 3.0 | − 0.191 | 2.5 | − 0.020 | 189.5 | 0.017 | 3.0 | − 0.341* | 3.0 | 0.127 | 3.0 | 0.290 | 109.5 | 0.209 | 3.0 | 0.248 |
Milk | 4.0 | − 0.026 | 6.0 | 0.368 | 407.0 | 0.046 | 4.5 | 0.217 | 6.0 | − 0.299 | 4.0 | 0.494 | 121.0 | 0.379 | 5.5 | − 0.078 |
Cheese, cottage cheese | 4.0 | − 0.127 | 3.0 | − 0.292 | 148.0 | 0.003 | 4.0 | − 0.277* | 5.0 | − 0.255 | 4.0 | − 0.222 | 87.5 | 0.414 | 4.0 | − 0.161 |
Salty snacks | 2.0 | − 0.402* | 2.5 | − 0.530* | 332.5 | 0.691 | 2.0 | − 0.208 | 1.5 | 0.369* | 2.0 | 0.260 | 156.0 | 0.866 | 2.0 | 0.325* |
Sweets | 3.0 | − 0.100 | 2.5 | 0.012 | 248.0 | 0.225 | 3.0 | − 0.175 | 2.0 | 0.176 | 2.0 | 0.092 | 151.0 | 1.00 | 2.0 | 0.135 |
Bread | 6.0 | − 0.190 | 6.0 | 0.508 | 342.5 | 0.315 | 6.0 | 0.044 | 6.0 | 0.096 | 5.5 | 0.000 | 96.0 | 0.479 | 6.0 | 0.176 |
Pasta | 4.0 | − 0.364* | 3.5 | 0.143 | 300.5 | 0.823 | 4.0 | − 0.192 | 4.0 | − 0.107 | 3.0 | − 0.518 | 102.0 | 0.140 | 4.0 | 0.019 |
Potato | 4.0 | − 0.197 | 4.0 | − 0.051 | 326.5 | 0.770 | 4.0 | − 0.074 | 4.0 | 0.085 | 3.0 | − 0.632 | 94.0 | 0.105 | 4.0 | 0.162 |
Juice | 2.0 | − 0.190 | 1.5 | − 0.024 | 298.0 | 0.788 | 2.0 | − 0.123 | 1.0 | 0.074 | 1.0 | 0.060 | 160.0 | 0.770 | 1.0 | − 0.003 |
Smoothie | 3.0 | − 0.045 | 2.0 | 0.171 | 258.5 | 0.308 | 2.0 | − 0.120 | 2.0 | 0.194 | 1.0 | 0.413 | 130.0 | 0.505 | 2.0 | 0.241 |
Fish | 3.0 | 0.047 | 2.0 | − 0.190 | 262.5 | 0.299 | 2.0 | − 0.107 | 3.0 | − 0.065 | 3.0 | 0.082 | 167.0 | 0.225 | 3.0 | − 0.068 |
Sour milk/kefir | 2.0 | − 0.179 | 2.0 | 0.027 | 244.5 | 0.194 | 2.0 | − 0.227 | 3.0 | − 0.367 | 2.0 | 0.009 | 138.5 | 0.714 | 2.5 | − 0.227 |
Low calorie beverages | 1.0 | − 0.038 | 1.5 | − 0.402 | 397.0 | 0.049 | 1.0 | 0.167 | 1.0 | 0.034 | 1.0 | 120.0 | 0.363 | 1.0 | 0.118 | |