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Fig. 5 | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Fig. 5

From: Possible involvement of normalized Pin1 expression level and AMPK activation in the molecular mechanisms underlying renal protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in mice

Fig. 5

Canagliflozin also activates AMPK in macrophages. a THP-1 cells were treated with 0, 2, 5 and 10 μM canagliflozin for 1 h. Protein levels were examined with the indicated antibodies. Representative data from three-independent experiments are shown. b THP-1 cells were stimulated with 10 ng/ml LPS with or without 30 μM canagliflozin for 6 h. Then, RNA was extracted and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. (n = 5) **P < 0.01. c Proposed mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy development and canagliflozin-induced renal protective effect

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