Metformin therapy before conception versus throughout the pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systemic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression

Bidhendi Yarandi, Razieh; Behboudi-Gandevani, Samira; Amiri, Mina; Ramezani Tehrani, Fahimeh

doi:10.1186/s13098-019-0453-7

Table 3 Meta-regression results for univariate and multiple (adjusted effect) models assessing the effect of PCOS on gestational diabetes in different trimester of pregnancy

From: Metformin therapy before conception versus throughout the pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systemic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression

	Trimester 1 (n = 6)		Trimester 2 (n = 82)		Trimester 3 (n = 8)
	β (95% CI for β)	P value	β (95% CI for β)	P value	β (95% CI for β)	P value
Unadjusted model 1
Effect PCOS	–^a		0.097 (0.04, 0.16)	0.002	0.09 (− 0.08, 0.26)	0.234
Adjusted Models
Model 2
Effect of BMI	0.016 (− 0.05, 0.09)	0.522	− 0.007 (− 0.02, 0.002)	0.127	0.03 (− 0.03, 0.09)	0.359
Effect of PCOS	–^a		0.10 (0.05, 0.2)	0.001	− 0.02 (− 0.4, 0.3)	0.887
Model 3
Effect of BMI	0.017 (− 0.056, 0.09)	0.522	− 0.005 (− 0.02, 0.004)	0.242	0.03 (− 0.06, 0.1)	0.413
Effect of PCOS	–^a		0.10 (0.04, 0.2)	0.002	− 0.02 (− 0.5, 0.5)	0.887
Effect of age	− 0.04 (− 0.29, 0.21)	0.650	− 0.003 (− 0.02, 0.01)	0.621	0.01 (− 0.2, 0.1)	0.413
Model 4
Effect of BMI	0.022 (− 0.11, 0.16)	0.548	− 0.005 (− 0.02, 0.006)	0.344	0.03 (− 0.09, 0.2)	0.450
Effect of PCOS	–^a		0.08 (0.04, 0.2)	0.624	− 0.04 (− 0.7, 0.6)	0.852
Effect of age	− 0.072 (− 0.65, 0.50)	0.647	− 0.003 (− 0.02, 0.01)	0.624	− 0.02 (− 0.4, 0.3)	0.862
Effect of metformin therapy	− 0.023 (− 0.38, 0.33)	0.803	− 0.0001 (− 0.05, 0.05)	0.997	− 0.05 (− 0.4, 0.3)	0.680
Model 5
Effect of BMI	0.005 (− 0.1, 0.1)	0.854	− 0.004 (− 0.01, 0.01)	0.425	0.03 (− 0.03, 0.08)	0.253
Effect of PCOS	–^a		0.10 (0.05, 0.2)	0.001	− 0.01 (− 0.2, 2)	0.840
Effect of age	0.04 (− 0.4, 0.5)	0.740	− 0.001 (− 0.01, 0.01)	0.771	− 0.1 (− 0.3, 0.06)	0.134
Effect of study design	− 0.04 (− 0.2, 0.1)	0.396	0.05 (0.02, 0.08)	0.004	0.1 (− 0.02, 0.2)	0.073
Model 6
Effect of BMI	0.04 (− 0.1, 0.2)	0.334	− 0.005 (− 0.02, 0.004)	0.259	0.02 (− 0.07, 0.1)	0.403
Effect of PCOS	–^a		0.10 (0.02, 0.2)	0.011	–^a
Effect of age	− 0.1 (− 0.6, 0.3)	0.380	− 0.004 (− 0.02, 0.01)	0.519	− 0.10 (− 0.1, 0.2)	0.761
Effect of PCOS definition	0.2 (− 0.5, 0.8)	0.396	− 0.04 (− 0.1, 0.03)	0.267	0.4 (− 0.29, 0.99)	0.144
Model 7
Effect of BMI	0.02 (− 0.05, 0.09)	0.522	− 0.005 (− 0.02, 0.004)	0.256	0.02 (− 0.1, 0.2)	0.649
Effect of PCOS	–^a		0.10 (0.05, 0.2)	0.001	0.02 (− 0.9, 0.9)	0.953
Effect of age	− 0.04 (− 0.3, 0.2)	0.634	− 0.002 (− 0.02, 0.01)	0.711	0.03 (− 0.3, 0.4)	0.792
Effect of quality assessment	–^a		0.02 (− 0.05, 0.08)	0.612	− 0.06 (− 0.7, 0.6)	0.775
Model 8
Effect of BMI	− 0.005 (− 0.12, 0.111)	0.880	− 0.006 (− 0.02, 0.004)	0.236	0.06 (− 0.1, 0.2)	0.306
Effect of PCOS	–^a		0.1 (0.04, 0.2)	0.002	− 0.2 (− 0.9, 0.6)	0.565
Effect of age	− 0.06 (− 0.4, 0.3)	0.513	− 0.003 (− 0.02, 0.01)	0.680	− 0.02 (− 0.3, 0.2)	0.857
Effect of GDM definition	0.2 (− 0.4, 0.7)	0.352	0.01 (− 0.04, 0.06)	0.608	− 0.1 (− 0.5, 0.3)	0.459

Italic values indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05)
^aInsufficient data for analysis
Model 1: Univariate models assessing the effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM (Crude model)
Model 2: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI
Model 3: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI and age
Model 4: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and metformin therapy
Model 5: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and study design
Model 6: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and PCOS definition
Model 7: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and quality assessment
Model 8: Multiple meta-regresion analysis effect of PCOS on Prevalence of GDM adjusted by BMI, age and GDM definition

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