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Table 4 The risk of prevalent diabetes and insulin resistance according to quartiles of increased body adiposity parameters

From: Assessment of adiposity distribution and its association with diabetes and insulin resistance: a population-based study

 

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

Diabetes

 BMI

1

1.58 (1.30–1.92)

1.96 (1.63–2.36)

2.92 (2.43–3.50)

 WC

1

1.33 (1.09–1.63)

1.85 (1.53–2.24)

2.89 (2.39–3.50)

 WHR

1

1.58 (1.30–1.93)

2.16 (1.77–2.63)

3.10 (2.55–3.77)

 WHtR

1

1.39 (1.14–1.71)

1.80 (1.50–2.16)

3.05 (2.55–3.64)

 VAI

1

1.50 (1.23–1.82)

2.13 (1.76–2.58)

3.34 (2.78–4.01)

 BAI

1

1.25 (1.05–1.50)

1.37 (1.14–1.66)

1.88 (1.56–2.27)

 LAP

1

1.58 (1.28–1.94)

2.27 (1.86–2.77)

4.06 (3.34–4.94)

Insulin resistance

 BMI

1

2.84 (2.31–3.49)

4.88 (4.01–5.95)

12.19 (10.04–14.79)

 WC

1

2.72 (2.20–3.38)

5.11 (4.17–6.28)

12.96 (10.55–15.93)

 WHR

1

2.11 (1.77–2.52)

3.68 (3.08–4.38)

5.58 (4.68–6.67)

 WHtR

1

2.44 (1.99–3.00)

4.24 (3.52–5.11)

9.97 (8.29–11.99)

 VAI

1

2.30 (1.89–2.80)

4.37 (3.62–5.26)

8.98 (7.48–10.79)

 BAI

1

1.92 (1.62–2.27)

2.84 (2.39–3.38)

4.74 (3.98–5.66)

 LAP

1

3.09 (2.45–3.90)

6.62 (5.30–8.27)

18.27 (14.66–22.77)

  1. Data are odds ratios (95% confidence interval). Participants without diabetes or insulin resistance are defined as 0 and with diabetes or insulin resistance as 1
  2. All models are adjusted for age, sex, current smoking and drinking status, physical activity level, SBP, LDL-C, γ-GGT, eGFR and antidiabetic treatment
  3. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-hip ratio, WHtR waist-height ratio, VAI visceral adiposity index, BAI body adiposity index, LAP lipid accumulation product index