| |
Non-diabetes
|
Diabetes
|
P value
|
|---|
|
n (%)
|
7442 (78.4)
|
2054 (21.6)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Age (years)
|
55.1 ± 7.7
|
58.8 ± 8.6
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Male [n (%)]
|
2062 (27.7)
|
630 (30.7)
|
0.008
|
|
Physical activity (MET-h/week)
|
22.4 (10.5–45.0)
|
21.0 (10.5–42.0)
|
0.497
|
|
Current smoking [n (%)]
|
731 (10.0)
|
204 (10.2)
|
0.817
|
|
Current drinking [n (%)]
|
238 (3.3)
|
75 (3.7)
|
0.311
|
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
124.4 ± 16.1
|
132.2 ± 16.8
|
< 0.0001
|
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
74.9 ± 9.8
|
76.9 ± 9.9
|
< 0.0001
|
|
TG (mmol/L)
|
1.21 (0.89–1.73)
|
1.57 (1.08–2.26)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
TC (mmol/L)
|
5.17 ± 1.22
|
5.28 ± 1.36
|
0.0006
|
|
HDL-C (mmol/L)
|
1.34 ± 0.36
|
1.23 ± 0.35
|
< 0.0001
|
|
LDL-C (mmol/L)
|
3.13 ± 0.94
|
3.18 ± 1.03
|
0.040
|
|
FPG (mmol/L)
|
5.29 (4.93–5.67)
|
6.46 (5.71–7.69)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
OGTT 2 h glucose (mmol/L)
|
6.90 (5.87–8.10)
|
11.67 (9.39–13.55)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
5.80 (5.60–6.10)
|
6.60 (6.30–7.20)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Fasting insulin (μIU/mL)
|
6.80 (5.10–9.40)
|
8.70 (6.00–12.40)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
1.60 (1.16–2.25)
|
2.61 (1.75–3.85)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
γ-GGT (U/L)
|
19.0 (14.0–27.0)
|
24.0 (17.0–36.0)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)
|
102.3 ± 22.6
|
99.5 ± 27.1
|
< 0.0001
|
|
BMI
|
23.4 ± 3.3
|
24.7 ± 3.5
|
< 0.0001
|
|
WC (cm)
|
80.7 ± 9.2
|
85.2 ± 9.9
|
< 0.0001
|
|
WHR
|
0.86 (0.82–0.90)
|
0.89 (0.85–0.94)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
WHtR
|
0.51 (0.47–0.54)
|
0.54 (0.50–0.58)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
VAI
|
1.55 (1.03–2.44)
|
2.20 (1.40–3.50)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
BAI
|
28.9 (26.3–31.7)
|
29.7 (26.8–32.9)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
LAP
|
24.4 (14.4–41.2)
|
38.9 (22.5–61.9)
|
< 0.0001
|
- Data were mean ± SD or medians (interquartile ranges) for skewed variables or numbers (proportions) for categorical variables
- P values were for the ANOVA or χ2 analyses across the groups
- MET-h/wk separate metabolic equivalent hours per week, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FPG fasting plasma glucose, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, γ-GGT γ-glutamyltransferase, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-hip ratio, WHtR waist-height ratio, VAI visceral adiposity index, BAI body adiposity index, LAP lipid accumulation product index
- * P < 0.05 compared with non-diabetes group
