Table 1 Characteristics of study population
| Â | Non-diabetes | Diabetes | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 7442 (78.4) | 2054 (21.6) | < 0.0001 |
Age (years) | 55.1 ± 7.7 | 58.8 ± 8.6 | < 0.0001 |
Male [n (%)] | 2062 (27.7) | 630 (30.7) | 0.008 |
Physical activity (MET-h/week) | 22.4 (10.5–45.0) | 21.0 (10.5–42.0) | 0.497 |
Current smoking [n (%)] | 731 (10.0) | 204 (10.2) | 0.817 |
Current drinking [n (%)] | 238 (3.3) | 75 (3.7) | 0.311 |
SBP (mmHg) | 124.4 ± 16.1 | 132.2 ± 16.8 | < 0.0001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 74.9 ± 9.8 | 76.9 ± 9.9 | < 0.0001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.21 (0.89–1.73) | 1.57 (1.08–2.26) | < 0.0001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.17 ± 1.22 | 5.28 ± 1.36 | 0.0006 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.36 | 1.23 ± 0.35 | < 0.0001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.13 ± 0.94 | 3.18 ± 1.03 | 0.040 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.29 (4.93–5.67) | 6.46 (5.71–7.69) | < 0.0001 |
OGTT 2 h glucose (mmol/L) | 6.90 (5.87–8.10) | 11.67 (9.39–13.55) | < 0.0001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.80 (5.60–6.10) | 6.60 (6.30–7.20) | < 0.0001 |
Fasting insulin (μIU/mL) | 6.80 (5.10–9.40) | 8.70 (6.00–12.40) | < 0.0001 |
HOMA-IR | 1.60 (1.16–2.25) | 2.61 (1.75–3.85) | < 0.0001 |
γ-GGT (U/L) | 19.0 (14.0–27.0) | 24.0 (17.0–36.0) | < 0.0001 |
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 102.3 ± 22.6 | 99.5 ± 27.1 | < 0.0001 |
BMI | 23.4 ± 3.3 | 24.7 ± 3.5 | < 0.0001 |
WC (cm) | 80.7 ± 9.2 | 85.2 ± 9.9 | < 0.0001 |
WHR | 0.86 (0.82–0.90) | 0.89 (0.85–0.94) | < 0.0001 |
WHtR | 0.51 (0.47–0.54) | 0.54 (0.50–0.58) | < 0.0001 |
VAI | 1.55 (1.03–2.44) | 2.20 (1.40–3.50) | < 0.0001 |
BAI | 28.9 (26.3–31.7) | 29.7 (26.8–32.9) | < 0.0001 |
LAP | 24.4 (14.4–41.2) | 38.9 (22.5–61.9) | < 0.0001 |