|
Range
|
NEAP
|
|---|
|
Q1 (8.0–26.58)
|
Q2 (26.66–32.46)
|
Q3 (32.49–38.3)
|
Q4 (38.4–89.0)
|
P-trend
|
|---|
|
NEAP, median (mEq/day)
|
23.3
|
29.1
|
34.8
|
42.7
| |
|
No. of subjects
|
37
|
38
|
38
|
37
| |
|
Sex, n (%)‡
|
|
Male
|
12 (8.4)
|
13 (8.8)
|
14 (8.4)
|
12 (8.4)
|
0.9
|
|
Female
|
25 (16.7)
|
25 (16.7)
|
24 (16.0)
|
25 (16.7)
| |
|
Age (years)†
|
47.5 ± 7.2
|
48.1 ± 8.3
|
46.9 ± 6.8
|
48.3 ± 6.6
|
0.8
|
|
Education (years)†
|
7.7 ± 4.0
|
6.5 ± 3.9
|
7.3 ± 3.5
|
6.3 ± 3.9
|
0.2
|
|
Dietary supplement use, n (%)‡
|
|
Yes
|
5 (3.3)
|
3 (2.0)
|
9 (6.0)
|
3 (2.0)
|
0.1
|
|
No
|
32 (21.3)
|
35 (23.5)
|
29 (19.3)
|
34 (22.7)
| |
|
Weight (kg)†
|
67.4 ± 9.7
|
73.8 ± 9.3
|
76.0 ± 12.8
|
72.5 ± 12.0
|
0.03
|
|
Height (cm)†
|
160.4 ± 7.9
|
163.5 ± 8.4
|
165.3 ± 8.2
|
163.7 ± 8.8
|
0.057
|
|
WC (cm)†
|
85.9 ± 9.2
|
91.3 ± 10.1
|
88.9 ± 10.0
|
88.3 ± 9.7
|
0.4
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)†
|
26.2 ± 4.0
|
27.6 ± 2.9
|
27.7 ± 4.1
|
26.9 ± 3.1
|
0.4
|
|
PA (MET/h/week)†
|
1397.5 ± 1193.2
|
1462.4 ± 1311.1
|
1606.1 ± 1255.7
|
1788.5 ± 1105.9
|
0.1
|
|
Energy intake (Kcal/day)†
|
2257.1 ± 595.4
|
2373.7 ± 543.0
|
2302.0 ± 625.3
|
2177.4 ± 752.9
|
0.5
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)†
|
119.1 ± 10.5
|
119.8 ± 10.1
|
117.6 ± 12.0
|
116.7 ± 10.9
|
0.2
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)†
|
72.5 ± 7.4
|
73.8 ± 8.1
|
74.6 ± 8.0
|
72.5 ± 7.6
|
0.8
|
|
FBG (mg/dl)†
|
82.8 ± 6.5
|
82.1 ± 6.9
|
82.1 ± 7.7
|
81.5 ± 7.5
|
0.4
|
|
2-h glucose (mg/dl)†
|
121.3 ± 9.0
|
120.9 ± 9.6
|
121.0 ± 9.7
|
118.2 ± 9.7
|
0.1
|
|
PRAL (mEq/day)†
|
− 37.4 ± 19.3
|
− 21.0 ± 5.1
|
− 11.4 ± 4.4
|
0.32.5 ± 9.8
|
< 0.001
|
|
Range
|
PRAL
|
|---|
|
Q1 (− 132.7, − 26.54)
|
Q2 (− 26.52, − 15.07)
|
Q3 (− 14.8, − 6.87)
|
Q4 (− 6.86, 32.9)
|
P-trend
|
|---|
|
PRAL, median (mEq/day)
|
− 32.8
|
− 21.6
|
− 11.8
|
− 2.6
| |
|
No. of subjects
|
38
|
38
|
37
|
37
| |
|
Sex, n (%)‡
|
|
Male
|
11 (7.3)
|
14 (9.3)
|
11 (7.3)
|
15 (10.0)
|
0.6
|
|
Female
|
27 (18.0)
|
24 (16.0)
|
26 (17.3)
|
22 (14.7)
| |
|
Age (years)†
|
47.8 ± 7.3
|
47.3 ± 7.8
|
47.3 ± 7.1
|
48.4 ± 6.8
|
0.7
|
|
Education (years)†
|
7.1 ± 3.6
|
7.2 ± 4.1
|
7.1 ± 4.1
|
6.3 ± 3.6
|
0.3
|
|
Dietary supplement use, n (%)‡
|
|
Yes
|
4 (2.7)
|
5 (3.3)
|
7 (4.7)
|
4 (2.7)
|
0.6
|
|
No
|
34 (22.7)
|
33 (22.0)
|
30 (20.0)
|
33 (22.0)
| |
|
Weight (kg)†
|
67.6 ± 9.1
|
74.3 ± 11.9
|
73.7 ± 11.4
|
74.2 ± 11.9
|
0.01
|
|
Height (cm)†
|
160.1 ± 7.7
|
164.9 ± 9.0
|
163.6 ± 8.2
|
164.5 ± 8.4
|
0.053
|
|
WC (cm)†
|
86.7 ± 9.2
|
89.7 ± 10.8
|
88.1 ± 9.1
|
90.1 ± 10.2
|
0.2
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)†
|
26.4 ± 3.8
|
27.2 ± 3.7
|
27.5 ± 3.8
|
27.3 ± 3.1
|
0.2
|
|
PA (MET/h/week)†
|
1600.7 ± 1244.9
|
1380.6 ± 1218.4
|
1473.0 ± 1228.4
|
1803.2 ± 1181.2
|
0.4
|
|
Energy intake (Kcal/day)†
|
2413.1 ± 633.0
|
2280.8 ± 584.4
|
2062.1 ± 580.4
|
2353.9 ± 688.1
|
0.3
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)†
|
118.8 ± 10.5
|
119.6 ± 10.6
|
118.5 ± 11.6
|
116.4 ± 10.9
|
0.3
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)†
|
72.7 ± 7.5
|
73.6 ± 8.2
|
73.3 ± 7.6
|
73.7 ± 7.9
|
0.6
|
|
FBG (mg/dl)†
|
83.0 ± 6.6
|
80.8 ± 6.7
|
83.1 ± 7.1
|
81.5 ± 8.0
|
0.6
|
|
2-h glucose (mg/dl)†
|
122.8 ± 8.1
|
118.5 ± 9.5
|
123.3 ± 8.7
|
116.9 ± 10.3
|
0.057
|
|
NEAP (mEq/day)†
|
22.8 ± 4.0
|
29.8 ± 2.6
|
35.1 ± 3.3
|
45.9 ± 12.5
|
< 0.001
|
- ANOVA and x2 tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively
- Energy-adjusted using the residual method
- NEAP net endogenous acid production, PRAL potential renal acid load, WC waist circumference, BMI body mass index, PA physical activity, MET metabolic equivalent, FBG fasting blood glucose, NEAP net endogenous acid production
- †Values are mean ± SD
- ‡Number of subjects having the characteristic with %
