|
Variables
|
Control
|
Pre-diabetic
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
(n = 150)
|
(n = 147)
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
|
45<
|
57 (18.5)
|
55 (19.2)
|
0.9*
|
|
45–55
|
69 (23.9)
|
68 (22.9)
| |
|
55>
|
24 (8.1)
|
24 (8.1)
| |
|
Sex, n (%)
|
|
Male
|
51 (17.2)
|
50 (16.8)
|
0.9*
|
|
Female
|
99 (33.3)
|
97 (32.7)
| |
|
Education (years)
|
6.9 ± 3.8
|
8.8 ± 4.8
|
< 0.001**
|
|
Weight (kg)
|
72.4 ± 11.4
|
77.7 ± 12.7
|
< 0.001*
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
27.1 ± 3.6
|
29.3 ± 4.2
|
< 0.001*
|
|
WC (cm)
|
88.6 ± 9.9
|
94.1 ± 11.4
|
< 0.001*
|
|
PA level
|
|
Low
|
37 (15.5)
|
89 (30)
|
< 0.001*
|
|
Medium
|
91 (30.6)
|
42 (14.1)
| |
|
High
|
22 (7.4)
|
16 (5.4)
| |
|
Energy intake (Kcal/day)
|
2278.4 ± 630.9
|
2499.2 ± 719.5
|
0.005‡
|
|
Fiber intake (g/day)
|
17.18 ± 5.16
|
13.62 ± 5.20
|
< 0.001**
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
118 + 10.9
|
122.6 + 12.9
|
0.002**
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
73.4 + 7.7
|
78.6 + 10.5
|
< 0.001**
|
|
FBG (mg/dl)
|
82.1 ± 7.1
|
109.1 ± 6.5
|
< 0.001**
|
|
2-h OGTT (mg/dl)
|
120.4 ± 9.5
|
143.3 ± 18.1
|
< 0.001**
|
|
NEAP (mEq/day)
|
33.3 ± 10.8
|
45.5 ± 14.05
|
< 0.001**
|
|
PRAL (mEq/day)
|
− 17.3 ± 17.7
|
− 1.2 ± 21.6
|
< 0.001**
|
- Data expressed as Mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
- BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, PA physical activity, FBG fasting blood glucose, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, NEAP net endogenous acid production, PRAL potential renal acid load
- * P-value is for Chi square test
- ** P-value is for Mann–Whitney test
- ‡Independent t test
