Table 1 Characteristics of control and pre-diabetic participants
Variables | Control | Pre-diabetic | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 150) | (n = 147) | ||
Age (years) | |||
45< | 57 (18.5) | 55 (19.2) | 0.9* |
45–55 | 69 (23.9) | 68 (22.9) | |
55> | 24 (8.1) | 24 (8.1) | |
Sex, n (%) | |||
Male | 51 (17.2) | 50 (16.8) | 0.9* |
Female | 99 (33.3) | 97 (32.7) | |
Education (years) | 6.9 ± 3.8 | 8.8 ± 4.8 | < 0.001** |
Weight (kg) | 72.4 ± 11.4 | 77.7 ± 12.7 | < 0.001* |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 3.6 | 29.3 ± 4.2 | < 0.001* |
WC (cm) | 88.6 ± 9.9 | 94.1 ± 11.4 | < 0.001* |
PA level | |||
Low | 37 (15.5) | 89 (30) | < 0.001* |
Medium | 91 (30.6) | 42 (14.1) | |
High | 22 (7.4) | 16 (5.4) | |
Energy intake (Kcal/day) | 2278.4 ± 630.9 | 2499.2 ± 719.5 | 0.005‡ |
Fiber intake (g/day) | 17.18 ± 5.16 | 13.62 ± 5.20 | < 0.001** |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118 + 10.9 | 122.6 + 12.9 | 0.002** |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.4 + 7.7 | 78.6 + 10.5 | < 0.001** |
FBG (mg/dl) | 82.1 ± 7.1 | 109.1 ± 6.5 | < 0.001** |
2-h OGTT (mg/dl) | 120.4 ± 9.5 | 143.3 ± 18.1 | < 0.001** |
NEAP (mEq/day) | 33.3 ± 10.8 | 45.5 ± 14.05 | < 0.001** |
PRAL (mEq/day) | − 17.3 ± 17.7 | − 1.2 ± 21.6 | < 0.001** |