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Table 2 Results of subgroup-analysis for neck circumference and glycemic parameters

From: Neck circumference in relation to glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

 

No. of effect sizes

Fisher’s Z (95% CI)

P withina

I2 (%)

P betweenb

Subgroup analyses for NC and FBG

 Race

< 0.001

  USA

8

0.23 (0.15 to 0.31)

< 0.001

87.1

 

  Mideast

4

0.21 (0.04 to 0.37)

< 0.001

93.4

 

  Asian

17

0.15 (0.12 to 0.18)

< 0.001

82.0

 

  Latin America

4

0.20 (0.17 to 0.23)

0.241

28.5

 

  European

2

0.45 (0.28 to 0.62)

0.170

46.9

 

 Adjustments

0.055

  Yes

22

0.18 (0.14 to 0.21)

< 0.001

87.5

 

  No

13

0.20 (0.15 to 0.24)

< 0.001

85.8

 

 Correlation type

0.059

  Pearson

30

0.18 (0.15 to 0.21)

< 0.001

87.5

 

  Spearman

5

0.25 (0.14 to 0.36)

< 0.001

82.1

 

 Health status

0.045

  Patients

4

0.17 (0.07 to 0.28)

0.084

54.8

 

  Healthy

31

0.19 (0.16 to 0.21)

< 0.001

87.7

 

 Sampling method

0.007

  Consecutive

6

0.25 (0.16 to 0.34)

< 0.001

79.5

 

  Random

19

0.16 (0.13 to 0.20)

< 0.001

90.5

 

  Non-random

10

0.21 (0.15 to 0.28)

< 0.001

71.4

 

Subgroup analyses for NC and serum fasting insulin level

 Race

< 0.001

  USA

5

0.43 (0.34 to 0.53)

< 0.001

81.1

 

  Mideast

2

0.33 (0.22 to 0.44)

0.015

83.1

 

  Asian

2

0.10 (0.06 to 0.13)

0.640

0.0

 

  Latin America

4

0.36 (0.29 to 0.43)

< 0.001

87.0

 

  European

2

0.41 (0.24 to 0.58)

0.178

44.8

 

 Adjustments

0.35

  Yes

12

0.34 (0.25 to 0.42)

< 0.001

96.5

 

  No

3

0.33 (0.12 to 0.55)

0.014

76.5

 

 Correlation type

0.016

  Pearson

11

0.34 (0.25 to 0.43)

< 0.001

96.8

 

  Spearman

4

0.32 (0.22 to 0.41)

0.089

54.0

 

 Health status

0.35

  Patients

3

0.32 (0.22 to 0.42)

0.014

76.5

 

  Healthy

12

0.37 (0.36 to 0.38)

< 0.001

96.5

 

 Sampling method

0.001

  Consecutive

1

0.55 (0.36 to 0.75)

–

–

 

  Random

8

0.34 (0.24 to 0.45)

< 0.001

97.7

 

  Non-random

6

0.29 (0.22 to 0.36)

0.137

40.2

 

Subgroup analyses for NC and HOMA-IR

 Race

< 0.001

  USA

3

0.53 (0.49 to 0.57)

0.122

52.6

 

  Mideast

2

0.34 (0.28 to 0.39)

0.222

32.9

 

  Asian

5

0.20 (0.13 to 0.270

< 0.001

85.0

 

  Latin America

4

0.43 (0.39 to 0.48)

0.010

73.4

 

  European

2

0.39 (0.27 to 0.52)

0.885

0.0

 

 Adjustments

< 0.001

  Yes

14

0.38 (0.31 to 0.45)

< 0.001

95.3

 

  No

2

0.24 (0.13 to 0.36)

0.001

90.1

 

 Correlation type

0.547

  Pearson

12

0.35 (0.27 to 0.43)

< 0.001

96.8

 

  Spearman

4

0.40 (0.33 to 0.47)

0.248

27.3

 

 Health status

0.001

  Patients

1

0.48 (0.43 to 0.54)

–

–

 

  Healthy

15

0.35 (0.28 to 0.42)

< 0.001

95.9

 

 Sampling method

0.701

  Random

11

0.36 (0.28 to 0.44)

< 0.001

97.1

 

  Non-random

5

0.39 (0.32 to 0.46)

0.266

23.3

 

Subgroup analyses for NC and HbA1c

 Race

< 0.001

  USA

4

0.23 (0.15 to 0.32)

0.168

40.6

 

  Asian

7

0.05 (0.02 to 0.09)

0.025

58.4

 

  Latin America

2

0.21 (0.15 to 0.27)

0.879

0.0

 

  European

2

0.20 (0.07 to 0.32)

0.797

0.0

 

 Adjustments

< 0.001

  Yes

10

0.17 (0.10 to 0.24)

< 0.001

81.6

 

  No

5

0.06 (0.00 to 0.11)

0.015

67.4

 

 Correlation type

< 0.001

  Pearson

11

0.12 (0.06 to 0.18)

< 0.001

88.9

 

  Spearman

4

0.20 (0.15 to 0.26)

0.992

0.0

 

 Health status

< 0.001

  Patients

4

0.23 (0.15 to 0.32)

0.168

40.6

 

  Healthy

11

0.11 (0.06 to 0.15)

< 0.001

78.7

 

 Sampling method

< 0.001

  Consecutive

1

0.10 (− 0.10 to 0.29)

–

–

 

  Random

5

0.10 (0.01 to 0.18)

< 0.001

94.8

 

  Non-random

9

0.18 (0.13 to 0.23)

0.281

18.2

 
  1. aP for heterogeneity, within subgroup
  2. bP for heterogeneity, between subgroup