Table 1 Basic clinical conditions and biochemical parameters of the T2DM patients after intensive insulin therapy

n

40

40

39

39

36

36

41

41

Age (years)

40.36 ± 10.02

40.36 ± 10.02

42.13 ± 9.54

42.13 ± 9.54

42.36 ± 9.52

42.36 ± 9.52

41.62 ± 9.87

41.62 ± 9.87

Sex (male/female)

21/19

21/19

23/16

23/16

20/16

20/16

24/17

24/17

Weight (kg)

69.57 ± 5.37

73.23 ± 9.55*

70.08 ± 11.15

66.34 ± 11.76*

72.69 ± 10.61

73.08 ± 9.38

69.22 ± 12.21

74.52 ± 11.63^△b

BMI (kg/m²)

27.17 ± 2.74

29.55 ± 7.29*

28,32. ± 3.63

26.01 ± 6.71*

28.11 ± 6.85

28.28 ± 8.52

27.75 ± 7.62

30.63 ± 8.92*b

BP (mmHg)

132/76

134/80

136/80

138/76

132/78

130/76

134/78

138/80

HbA_1c (%)

13.41 ± 4.22

8.85 ± 2.66^△

12.72 ± 5.85

7.97 ± 3.89^△

15.82 ± 5.53

7.56 ± 3.95^△a

13.58 ± 4.64

6.35 ± 3.06^△ab

GAD

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

ICA

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

Negative

RSG (mg)

4

4

NA

NA

4

4

NA

NA

Metformin (g)

NA

NA

1.81 ± 0.89

1.89 ± 0.93

1.98 ± 0.56

2.05 ± 0.83

NA

NA

Glucose_Fasting (mmol/L)

6.72 ± 2.39

8.48 ± 2.42*

6.44 ± 3.16

7.39 ± 3.54 *

6.63 ± 3.84

7.54 ± 2.13*^a

6.68 ± 2.58

6.85 ± 3.66^ab

Glucose_{2-hour postprandial} (mmol/L)

8.58 ± 4.46

13.50 ± 3.76^△

8.05 ± 4.17

13.72 ± 4.48^△

8.96 ± 2.63

10.03 ± 3.89^△ab

8.93 ± 3.74

9.48 ± 3.73^ab

C-peptide_Fasting (ng/mL)

3.73 ± 1.01

4.66 ± 2.63

4.03 ± 2.22

3.96 ± 1.57

3.88 ± 1.95

3.99 ± 1.05

4.14 ± 1.36

4.01 ± 1.74

Insulin_Fasting (mIU/L)

18.62 ± 10.52

16.76 ± 8.59

19.70 ± 11.15

17.34 ± 9.56

17.25 ± 7.23

16.64 ± 6.53

HOMA-IR

6.92 ± 2.14

5.89 ± 3.25*

7.11 ± 3.35

5.04 ± 2.31*

6.59 ± 3.28

4.72 ± 3.68^△a

7.56 ± 3.45

6.93 ± 3.72^ab

HOMA-β

48.26 ± 20.15

47.27 ± 15.13

49.37 ± 18.81

48.48 ± 19.64

50.38 ± 30.58

49.49 ± 26.10

48.64 ± 18.63

49.53 ± 16.68

TG (mmol/L)

1.53 ± 0.96

1.56 ± 0.87

1.67 ± 0.78

1.36 ± 0.99*

1.92 ± 1.08

1.24 ± 0.85*

1.89 ± 0.75

1.68 ± 0.84

CH (mmol/L

5.63 ± 2.63

5.08 ± 3.95

5.92 ± 3.33

5.35 ± 3.45

5.41 ± 2.52

5.20 ± 2.47

5.57 ± 3.84

5.67 ± 2.68

LDL (mmol/L)

2.48 ± 1.58

2.17 ± 2.56

2.96 ± 1.99

2.63 ± 2.02

2.78 ± 2.22

2.05 ± 2.65

2.53 ± 1.56

3.32 ± 1.46

HDL (mmol/L)

0.85 ± 0.37

0.88 ± 0.62

0.95 ± 0.64

0.98 ± 0.35

0.97 ± 0.84

0.90 ± 0.76

0.87 ± 0.45

0.98 ± 0.56

ALT (U/L

48.20 ± 9.35

46.09 ± 7.64

46.64 ± 10.24

48.67 ± 8.28

47.11 ± 5.69

45.87 ± 8.47

47.65 ± 10.75

46.56 ± 8.47

AST (U/L)

42.07 ± 10.84

39.53 ± 8.78

44.33 ± 11.58

42.16 ± 10.93

41.33 ± 8.55

39.52 ± 9.19

43.64 ± 7.76

42.58 ± 10.76

AKP (U/L)

98.66 ± 6.87

97.23 ± 8.30

96.47 ± 7.77

98.54 ± 9.39

97.77 ± 7.22

95.65 ± 7.46

97.64 ± 8.74

98.75 ± 10.75

γ-GT (U/L)

58.65 ± 5.11

42.94 ± 8.28 *

59.26 ± 7.87

49.51 ± 9.67 *

57.09 ± 6.43

40.10 ± 9.33*

59.46 ± 6.59

58.45 ± 7.55