|
Variables
|
Type 1 diabetes (n = 83)
|
Ketosis-onset diabetes (n = 279)
|
Non-ketotic type 2 diabetes (n = 372)
|
P- value
|
‡P- value
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
44 ± 21
|
50 ± 15
|
55 ± 14
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
Male (n, %)
|
47 (56.6%)
|
194 (69.5%)
|
223 (59.9%)
|
0.018
|
0.018
|
|
Smoking (n, %)
|
19 (22.9%)
|
106 (38.0%)
|
122 (32.8%)
|
0.026
|
0.161
|
|
Alcohol (n, %)
|
9 (10.8%)
|
58 (20.8%)
|
73 (19.6%)
|
0.106
|
0.185
|
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
121 ± 14
|
125 ± 16
|
128 ± 17
|
< 0.001
|
0.038
|
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
76 ± 9
|
80 ± 10
|
81 ± 10
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
21.6 ± 4
|
24.4 ± 3.7
|
24.8 ± 3.4
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
WHR
|
0.86 ± 0.07
|
0.91 ± 0.06
|
0.91 ± 0.06
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
FPG (mmol/l)a
|
7.7 (5.6–11.1)
|
9.4 (7.2–12.1)
|
7.8 (6.5–10)
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
2-hPPG (mmol/l)a
|
13.1 (9.8–17.7)
|
15.4 (12.2–19.3)
|
13.8 (10.7–17.3)
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
HbA1C (%)
|
11.11 ± 3.32
|
11.56 ± 2.51
|
10.03 ± 2.68
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
FCP (ng/ml)a
|
0.57 (0.27–1.19)
|
1.08 (0.5–1.83)
|
1.93 (1.27–2.85)
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
2-h PCP (ng/ml)a
|
1.26 (0.59–2.46)
|
2.04 (0.99–3.63)
|
4.31 (2.66–5.73)
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
HOMA2- %S
|
184.9 (86.6–344.43)
|
97.8 (55–193.2)
|
61.1 (41.53–90.85)
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
HOMA2-IR
|
0.55 (0.3–1.15)
|
1 (0.5–1.8)
|
1.6 (1.1–2.4)
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
TC (mmol/l)
|
4.46 ± 1
|
4.75 ± 1.17
|
4.75 ± 1.17
|
0.101
|
0.029
|
|
TG (mmol/l)a
|
1.04 (0.7–1.53)
|
1.3 (0.9–2.1)
|
1.5 (1.1–2.2)
|
< 0.001
|
0.010
|
|
HDL-C (mmol/l)
|
1.24 ± 0.36
|
1.07 ± 0.34
|
1.10 ± 0.28
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
LDL-C (mmol/l)
|
2.83 ± 0.89
|
3.12 ± 0.95
|
3.19 ± 1.00
|
0.010
|
0.002
|
|
ALT (U/l)a
|
20 (13–29)
|
22 (14–37)
|
22 (15–39)
|
0.380
|
0.534
|
|
SCr (μmol/l)a
|
61 (50–75)
|
66 (55–76)
|
66 (54–78)
|
0.096
|
0.924
|
|
SUA (μmol/l)a
|
264 (226–319)
|
279 (220–351)
|
311 (251–373)
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
|
UAE (mg/24 h)a
|
8.0 (5.2–12.5)
|
9.4 (6.4–20)
|
10.2 (6.5–19.6)
|
0.006
|
0.644
|
|
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)a
|
123 (100–163)
|
121 (101–145)
|
115 (95–135)
|
0.002
|
0.003
|
|
CRP (mg/l)a
|
0.57 (0.2–1.63)
|
1.1 (0.49–3.48)
|
1.26 (0.53–2.96)
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
- Data are presented as means and standard deviations, or medians with interquartile range, or percentages
- P value: crude P-values
- ‡P-value: ‡P-values adjusted for age and gender
- aNon-normal distribution of quantitative variables
