Table 2 Clinical characteristics, medical history, and presenting symptoms of acute ischemic stroke patients with a history of diabetes stratified by rtPA status and telestroke status
From: The telestroke and thrombolysis therapy in diabetic stroke patients
Characteristic | Non-telestroke | Telestroke | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No rtPA | rtPA | P-value | No rtPA | rtPA | P-value | |
(N = 112) | (N = 68) | (N = 18) | (N = 114) | |||
Patient age in years | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 70.8 ± 12 | 66.8 ± 13.5 | 0.043* | 66.9 ± 13.2 | 65.8 ± 12.2 | 0.727 |
Age group: no. (%) | ||||||
 < 50 years | 6 (5.4) | 8 (11.8) | 0.014 | 1 (5.6) | 10 (8.8) | 0.362 |
 50–59 | 16 (14.3) | 10 (14.7) |  | 5 (27.8) | 15 (13.2) |  |
 60–69 | 20 (17.9) | 23 (33.8) |  | 5 (27.8) | 44 (38.6) |  |
 70–79 | 42 (37.5) | 12 (17.6) |  | 3 (16.7) | 30 (26.3) |  |
 ≥ 80 | 28 (25) | 15 (22.1) |  | 4 (22.2) | 15 (13.2) |  |
Gender: no. (%) | ||||||
 Male | 49 (43.8) | 39 (57.4) | 0.077 | 9 (50) | 60 (52.6) | 0.835 |
 Female | 63 (56.3) | 29 (42.6) |  | 9 (50) | 54 (47.4) |  |
Race: no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | (0) | (0) | Â |
 Caucasian | 73 (65.2) | 54 (79.4) | 0.6 | 14 (77.8) | 88 (77.2) | 0.74 |
 African-American | 21 (18.8) | 11 (16.2) |  | 2 (11.1) | 17 (14.9) |  |
 Other | 3 (2.7) | 0 (0) |  | 0 (0) | 3 (2.6) |  |
Hispanic ethnicity: no. (%) | 2 (1.8) | 3 (4.4) | 0.917 | 0 (0) | 6 (5.3) | 0.319 |
Body mass index | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 29.6 ± 7.6 | 29.1 ± 7 | 0.657 | 31 ± 7 | 32.4 ± 7.6 | 0.447 |
Medical history: no. (%) | ||||||
 Atrial fib/flutter | 30 (26.8) | 9 (13.2) | 0.032 | 2 (11.1) | 9 (7.9) | 0.646 |
 Carotid artery stenosis | 10 (8.9) | 2 (2.9) | 0.118 | 0 (0) | 6 (5.3) | 0.319 |
 Congestive heart failure | 21 (18.8) | 7 (10.3) | 0.129 | 4 (22.2) | 13 (11.4) | 0.203 |
 Coronary artery disease | 48 (42.9) | 32 (47.1) | 0.582 | 9 (50) | 53 (46.5) | 0.782 |
 Depression | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 0.435 | 3 (16.7) | 24 (21.1) | 0.668 |
 Dyslipidemia | 76 (67.9) | 48 (70.6) | 0.701 | 13 (72.2) | 79 (69.3) | 0.802 |
 Family history of stroke | 8 (7.1) | 6 (8.8) | 0.683 | 0 (0) | 24 (21.1) | 0.031 |
 Hormone replacement therapy | 2 (1.8) | 1 (1.5) | 0.873 | 0 (0) | 3 (2.6) | 0.486 |
 Hypertension | 103 (92) | 62 (91.2) | 0.853 | 16 (88.9) | 107 (93.9) | 0.437 |
 Migraine | 1 (0.9) | 4 (5.9) | 0.048 | 1 (5.6) | 3 (2.6) | 0.501 |
 Obesity | 48 (42.9) | 30 (44.1) | 0.869 | 12 (66.7) | 73 (64) | 0.828 |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 17 (15.2) | 6 (8.8) | 0.216 | 1 (5.6) | 10 (8.8) | 0.646 |
 Previous stroke | 50 (44.6) | 23 (33.8) | 0.152 | 5 (27.8) | 26 (22.8) | 0.644 |
 Previous TIA | 13 (11.6) | 9 (13.2) | 0.746 | 2 (11.1) | 7 (6.1) | 0.437 |
 Prosthetic heart valve | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 0.435 | (0) | (0) |  |
 Renal insufficiency | 20 (17.9) | 4 (5.9) | 0.022 | 1 (5.6) | 8 (7) | 0.819 |
 Smoking | 23 (20.5) | 18 (26.5) | 0.357 | 4 (22.2) | 21 (18.4) | 0.702 |
 Substance abuse | 2 (1.8) | 3 (4.4) | 0.299 | 0 (0) | 2 (1.8) | 0.571 |
Initial NIH stroke scale | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 10.3 ± 9.2 | 11.3 ± 7.8 | 0.462 | 10.7 ± 9.4 | 8.6 ± 7.4 | 0.34 |
Initial labs and vitals | ||||||
 Total cholesterol | 168.1 ± 62.8 | 162.4 ± 48.4 | 0.547 | 160.9 ± 53 | 165.7 ± 42 | 0.682 |
 Triglycerides | 157.6 ± 125.1 | 157 ± 109.7 | 0.976 | 128.4 ± 68.7 | 163.9 ± 110.1 | 0.213 |
 HDL | 40.2 ± 14.1 | 38.3 ± 11 | 0.379 | 38.4 ± 13.5 | 37.8 ± 11.5 | 0.843 |
 LDL | 95.2 ± 34.3 | 96.6 ± 39.4 | 0.816 | 98.9 ± 50.6 | 98.3 ± 32.7 | 0.945 |
 Lipids | 7.8 ± 2.2 | 7.3 ± 1.9 | 0.171 | 7.6 ± 2.4 | 7.6 ± 2.1 | 0.945 |
 Blood glucose | 210.9 ± 126.8 | 171 ± 88.3 | 0.014* | 184.2 ± 133.1 | 171.3 ± 90.6 | 0.602 |
 Creatinine | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.032* | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.375 |
 INR | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.002* | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1 ± 0.1 | 0.347 |
 Heart rate | 85.5 ± 21.2 | 81.8 ± 15.2 | 0.216 | 77.9 ± 15.4 | 80.8 ± 17.1 | 0.505 |
 Systolic blood pressure | 155.1 ± 35 | 157.3 ± 30.1 | 0.669 | 151.7 ± 22 | 150.4 ± 24 | 0.835 |
 Diastolic blood pressure | 82.5 ± 20.6 | 80.7 ± 16.8 | 0.555 | 77.8 ± 14.4 | 79 ± 17.5 | 0.779 |
Medications prior to admission: no. (%) | ||||||
 Antiplatelet or anticoagulant | 72 (64.3) | 40 (58.8) | 0.464 | 12 (66.7) | 67 (58.8) | 0.525 |
 Antihypertensive | 93 (83) | 57 (83.8) | 0.891 | 14 (77.8) | 100 (87.7) | 0.253 |
 Cholesterol reducer | 70 (62.5) | 43 (63.2) | 0.921 | 15 (83.3) | 76 (66.7) | 0.156 |
 Diabetic medication | 78 (69.6) | 50 (73.5) | 0.577 | 12 (66.7) | 88 (77.2) | 0.333 |
Ambulation status prior to event: no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | (0) | (0) | Â |
 Ambulate independently | 85 (75.9) | 63 (92.6) | 0.028* | 15 (83.3) | 106 (93) | 0.511 |
 Ambulate with assistance | 11 (9.8) | 1 (1.5) |  | 1 (5.6) | 2 (1.8) |  |
 Unable to ambulate | 8 (7.1) | 3 (4.4) |  | (0) | 4 (3.5) |  |
 Not documented | 8 (7.1) | 1 (1.5) |  | (0) | 2 (1.8) |  |
Ambulation status on admission: no. (%) | Â | Â | Â | (0) | (0) | Â |
 Ambulate independently | 16 (14.3) | 4 (5.9) | 0.107 | 6 (33.3) | 20 (17.5) | 0.016* |
 Ambulate with assistance | 14 (12.5) | 4 (5.9) |  | 0 (0) | 23 (20.2) |  |
 Unable to ambulate | 45 (40.2) | 30 (44.1) |  | 9 (50) | 30 (26.3) |  |
 Not documented | 37 (33) | 30 (44.1) |  | 3 (16.7) | 41 (36) |  |
Ambulation status on discharge: no. (%) | ||||||
 Ambulate independently | 39 (34.8) | 30 (44.1) | 0.223 | 9 (50) | 52 (45.6) | 0.328 |
 Ambulate With assistance | 29 (25.9) | 17 (25) |  | 3 (16.7) | 39 (34.2) |  |
 Unable to ambulate | 29 (25.9) | 18 (26.5) |  | 3 (16.7) | 15 (13.2) |  |
 Not documented | 15 (13.4) | 3 (4.4) |  | 3 (16.7) | 8 (7) |  |
First care received: no. (%) | ||||||
 Emergency department | 100 (89.3) | 59 (86.8) | 0.609 | 12 (66.7) | 26 (22.8) | < 0.001* |
 Direct admission | 12 (10.7) | 9 (13.2) |  | 6 (33.3) | 88 (77.2) |  |
Improved ambulation | 63 (56.3) | 46 (67.6) | 0.129 | 14 (77.8) | 75 (65.8) | 0.313 |