Table 1 Demographic factors and clinical characteristics of acute ischemic stroke patients with a history of diabetes divided by telestroke status
From: The telestroke and thrombolysis therapy in diabetic stroke patients
| Characteristic | Non-telestroke | Telestroke | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 180) | (N = 132) | ||
| Patient age in years | |||
| Mean ± SD | 69.3 ± 12.7 | 65.9 ± 12.3 | 0.020* |
| Age group: no. (%) | |||
| < 50 years | 14 (7.8) | 11 (8.3) | 0.069 |
| 50–59 | 26 (14.4) | 20 (15.2) | |
| 60–69 | 43 (23.9) | 49 (37.1) | |
| 70–79 | 54 (30) | 33 (25) | |
| ≥ 80 | 43 (23.9) | 19 (14.4) | |
| Gender: no. (%) | |||
| Male | 88 (48.9) | 69 (52.3) | 0.555 |
| Female | 92 (51.1) | 63 (47.7) | |
| Race: no. (%) | |||
| Caucasian | 127 (70.6) | 102 (77.3) | 0.212 |
| African-American | 32 (17.8) | 19 (14.4) | |
| Other | 3 (1.7) | 3 (2.3) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity: no. (%) | 5 (2.8) | 6 (4.5) | 0.403 |
| Body mass index | |||
| Mean ± SD | 29.5 ± 7.3 | 32.2 ± 7.5 | 0.001* |
| Medical history: no. (%) | |||
| Atrial fib/flutter | 39 (21.7) | 11 (8.3) | 0.002* |
| Carotid artery stenosis | 12 (6.7) | 6 (4.5) | 0.427 |
| Congestive heart failure | 28 (15.6) | 17 (12.9) | 0.506 |
| Coronary artery disease | 80 (44.4) | 62 (47) | 0.658 |
| Depression | 1 (0.6) | 27 (20.5) | < 0.001* |
| Dyslipidemia | 124 (68.9) | 92 (69.7) | 0.879 |
| Family history of stroke | 14 (7.8) | 24 (18.2) | 0.006* |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 3 (1.7) | 3 (2.3) | 0.7 |
| Hypertension | 165 (91.7) | 123 (93.2) | 0.62 |
| Migraine | 5 (2.8) | 4 (3) | 0.895 |
| Obesity | 78 (43.3) | 85 (64.4) | < 0.001* |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 23 (12.8) | 11 (8.3) | 0.213 |
| Previous stroke | 73 (40.6) | 31 (23.5) | 0.002* |
| Previous TIA | 22 (12.2) | 9 (6.8) | 0.115 |
| Prosthetic heart valve | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.391 |
| Renal insufficiency | 24 (13.3) | 9 (6.8) | 0.065 |
| Sleep apnea | 0 (0) | 11 (8.3) | < 0.001* |
| Smoking | 41 (22.8) | 25 (18.9) | 0.412 |
| Substance abuse | 5 (2.8) | 2 (1.5) | 0.457 |
| Initial NIH stroke scale | |||
| Mean ± SD | 10.8 ± 8.6 | 8.9 ± 7.6 | 0.063 |
| Initial labs and vitals | |||
| Total cholesterol | 165.7 ± 56.9 | 165.1 ± 43.4 | 0.885 |
| Triglycerides | 157.3 ± 118.4 | 159.3 ± 106.1 | 0.307 |
| HDL | 39.4 ± 12.9 | 37.8 ± 11.7 | 0.565 |
| LDL | 95.8 ± 36.5 | 98.4 ± 35.3 | 0.889 |
| Lipids | 7.6 ± 2.1 | 7.6 ± 2.1 | 0.067 |
| Blood glucose | 195.8 ± 115.2 | 173 ± 97 | 0.054 |
| Creatinine | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 1 | 0.007* |
| INR | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1 ± 0.2 | 0.074 |
| Heart rate | 84.1 ± 19.2 | 80.4 ± 16.9 | 0.097 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 155.9 ± 33.2 | 150.6 ± 23.6 | 0.158 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 81.8 ± 19.2 | 78.8 ± 17.1 | <0.001* |
| Medications prior to admission: no. (%) | |||
| Antiplatelet or anticoagulant | 112 (62.2) | 79 (59.8) | 0.671 |
| Antihypertensive | 150 (83.3) | 114 (86.4) | 0.464 |
| Cholesterol reducer | 113 (62.8) | 91 (68.9) | 0.258 |
| Diabetic medication | 128 (71.1) | 100 (75.8) | 0.361 |
| Ambulation status prior to event: no. (%) | |||
| Ambulate independently | 148 (82.2) | 121 (91.7) | 0.106 |
| Ambulate with assistance | 12 (6.7) | 3 (2.3) | |
| Unable to ambulate | 11 (6.1) | 5 (3.8) | |
| Not documented | 9 (5) | 3 (2.3) | |
| Ambulation status on admission: no. (%) | |||
| Ambulate independently | 20 (11.1) | 26 (19.7) | 0.016* |
| Ambulate with assistance | 18 (10) | 23 (17.4) | |
| Unable to ambulate | 75 (41.7) | 39 (29.5) | |
| Not documented | 67 (37.2) | 44 (33.3) | |
| Ambulation status on discharge: no. (%) | |||
| Ambulate independently | 69 (38.3) | 61 (46.2) | 0.044* |
| Ambulate with assistance | 46 (25.6) | 42 (31.8) | |
| Unable to ambulate | 47 (26.1) | 18 (13.6) | |
| Not documented | 18 (10) | 11 (8.3) | |
| First care received: no. (%) | |||
| Emergency department | 159 (88.3) | 38 (28.8) | < 0.001* |
| Direct admission | 21 (11.7) | 94 (71.2) | |
| rtPA administration | 68 (37.8) | 114 (86.4) | < 0.001* |
| Improved ambulation | 109 (60.6) | 89 (67.4) | 0.213 |