Total study population (n = 154) | Screen-detected cognitive impairment (n = 37) | Screen negatives (n = 117) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 76.7 ± 5.2 | 77.8 ± 5.6 | 76.4 ± 5.0 |
Female sex | 58 (38%) | 15 (41%) | 43 (37%) |
Living alone | 57 (37%) | 10 (27%) | 47 (40%) |
Educational levela | 5 (4–6) | 4 (2–5)* | 5 (5–6)* |
Low educational level (Verhage scale 1–4) | 46 (30%) | 22 (60%)* | 24 (20%)* |
Diabetes duration (years) | 8.7 ± 8.2 | 10.6 ± 8.1 | 8.1 ± 8.1 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 52.2 ± 9.7 | 53.8 ± 9.8 | 51.7 ± 9.6 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.9 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 0.9 | 6.9 ± 0.9 |
Use of Metformin, yes | 104 (78%) | 22 (76%) | 82 (80%) |
Use of insulin, yes | 30 (20%) | 9 (24%) | 21 (18%) |
Use of Sulfonylurea, yes | 45 (29%) | 9 (24%) | 36 (31%) |
Use of lipid lowering drugs, yes | 122 (80%) | 29 (78%) | 93 (81%) |
Diabetic neuropathy, yes | 15 (10%) | 5 (14%) | 10 (9%) |
Diabetic retinopathy, yes | 11 (7%) | 4 (11%) | 7 (6%) |
MDRD | 67.9 ± 19.2 | 64.9 ± 20.7 | 71.9 ± 18.5 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 4.4 | 29.2 ± 4.8 | 28.4 ± 4.3 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 139.8 ± 17.4 | 140.4 ± 13.3 | 139.6 ± 18.6 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75.4 ± 11.4 | 76.0 ± 12.1 | 75.3 ± 11.2 |
MMSE | 28.4 ± 2.0 | 26.4 ± 3.0* | 29.0 ± 1.1* |
TYM score | 42.4 ± 6.4 | 35.4 ± 8.8* | 44.5 ± 2.6* |
SAGE score | 17.1 ± 4.1 | 11.5 ± 4.4* | 18.6 ± 2.2* |
Equation 5D mobility, any problems (%) | 83 (55%) | 24 (65%) | 59 (51%) |
Equation 5D self care, any problems (%) | 17 (11%) | 8 (22%)* | 9 (8%)* |
Equation 5D usual activities, any problems (%) | 49 (32%) | 22 (59%)* | 27 (23%)* |
CES-D ≥ 16 | 27 (18%) | 13 (36%)* | 14 (12%)* |