Stem cells as a potential therapy for diabetes mellitus: a call-to-action in Latin America

Table 3 Stem cell research in diabetes in some Latin-American countries

Country	Stem cell type	Diabetes application outcome	References
Mexico	MSC	In vitro-β cell differentiation	[116]
	MSC	Patient full recovery of chronic foot ulcer	[117]
	HSC	Patient Insulin Independence	[115]
Chile	MSC	In vitro improved diabetic neuropathy	[102]
		In vivo improved diabetic retinopathy	[104]
		In vivo improved diabetic nephropathy	[105, 106]
		In vivo improved diabetic cardiomyopathy	[107]
		In vivo improved pancreatic environment	[109]
Brazil	MSC	Pancreatic immunomodulation	[61, 114]
		Reverse hyperglycemia, improve β cell function and/or pancreatic immunomodulation	[59, 111, 120]
		In vivo β cell differentiation and function	[110]
	Dental pulp stem cells	In vivo β cell renewal, prevent renal damage	[112]
	HSC	Patient improved β cell function and insulin independence	[121]
Argentina	HSC	Patient improved pancreatic environment	[122]
Argentina	ADSC	Improve metabolic control and reduce insulin requirements	[118]

MSC mesenchymal stem cell, HSC hematopoietic stem cell, ADSC adipose-derived stem cell

ISSN: 1758-5996