| Total N = 38,007 | White n = 32,925 (86.63%) | Black n = 3243 (8.53%) | Hispanic/Latina n = 1839 (4.84%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Menopausal status | All | Menopausal status | All | Menopausal status | All | Menopausal status | |||||
Pre- n = 13,988 36.8% | Post- n = 24,019 63.2% | Pre- n = 11,757 35.7% | Post- n = 21,168 64.3% | Pre- n = 1417 43.4% | Post- n = 1826 56.3% | Pre- n = 814 44.3% | Post- n = 1025 55.7% | |||||
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||||
Mean age ± SD (years) | 55.0 ± 8.77 | 46.8 ± 5.12 | 59.8 ± 6.62 | 55.3 ± 8.79 | 46.8 ± 5.10 | 60.1 ± 6.61 | 53.1 ± 8.14 | 46.7 ± 5.16 | 58.1 ± 6.33 | 52.7 ± 8.88 | 45.6 ± 5.25 | 58.3 ± 6.89 |
Educational attainment | ||||||||||||
 ≤ High school | 14.5 | 11.8 | 16.1 | 14.6 | 11.9 | 16.1 | 9.56 | 7.83 | 10.9 | 22.0 | 17.2 | 25.8 |
 Some college or technical degree | 32.9 | 31.9 | 33.5 | 32.7 | 31.5 | 33.3 | 34.0 | 34.2 | 33.8 | 35.0 | 34.4 | 35.5 |
 ≥ College (bachelor’s or greater) | 52.6 | 56.3 | 50.5 | 52.8 | 56.7 | 50.6 | 56.5 | 58.0 | 55.3 | 43.0 | 48.4 | 38.7 |
Currently employed (yes) | 68.4 | 83.4 | 59.6 | 67.7 | 83.0 | 59.2 | 77.0 | 89.6 | 67.3 | 64.4 | 78.6 | 53.2 |
Annual household income | ||||||||||||
 Less than $20,000 | 3.77 | 2.48 | 4.51 | 2.86 | 1.60 | 3.57 | 4.93 | 4.38 | 5.37 | 17.8 | 11.9 | 22.5 |
 $20,000 to $49,999 | 19.8 | 14.2 | 23.1 | 18.8 | 12.4 | 22.4 | 24.1 | 21.7 | 25.9 | 30.2 | 27.3 | 32.6 |
 $50,000 to $99,999 | 41.5 | 41.9 | 41.3 | 41.8 | 42.4 | 41.5 | 44.3 | 42.7 | 45.5 | 31.4 | 34.2 | 29.3 |
 $100,000 or more | 34.9 | 41.4 | 31.1 | 36.5 | 43.6 | 32.6 | 26.7 | 31.2 | 23.2 | 20.5 | 26.7 | 15.6 |
Household size, median (IQR) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–2) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–3) |
At least one child aged < 18 years in household (yes) | 27.7 | 55.2 | 11.7 | 26.6 | 55.4 | 10.5 | 33.5 | 51.2 | 19.8 | 37.5 | 59.1 | 20.3 |
Marital status | ||||||||||||
 Married/living as married | 75.5 | 79.6 | 73.1 | 78.1 | 82.6 | 75.6 | 53.6 | 57.1 | 51.0 | 68.2 | 76.2 | 61.9 |
 Divorced/separated/widowed | 19.0 | 13.1 | 22.5 | 17.4 | 11.6 | 20.6 | 32.4 | 24.1 | 38.9 | 24.7 | 15.6 | 31.9 |
 Single/never married | 5.47 | 7.31 | 4.40 | 4.55 | 5.86 | 3.82 | 14.0 | 18.8 | 10.2 | 7.12 | 8.23 | 6.24 |
Health behaviors | ||||||||||||
Smoking status | ||||||||||||
 Current | 7.67 | 8.47 | 7.20 | 7.59 | 8.54 | 7.06 | 9.28 | 8.47 | 9.91 | 6.25 | 7.49 | 5.27 |
 Former | 35.0 | 23.4 | 38.8 | 36.6 | 30.3 | 40.2 | 25.2 | 17.5 | 31.1 | 22.9 | 20.0 | 25.2 |
 Never | 57.3 | 63.2 | 54.0 | 55.8 | 61.2 | 52.8 | 65.6 | 74.0 | 60.0 | 70.9 | 72.5 | 69.6 |
Alcohol consumption (past 12Â months) | ||||||||||||
 Heavy (> 7 drinks/week) | 11.3 | 11.2 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 4.69 | 4.73 | 4.65 | 5.22 | 6.02 | 4.59 |
 Light/moderate (≤ 7 drinks/week) | 71.2 | 74.5 | 69.3 | 71.9 | 75.3 | 70.0 | 66.7 | 70.3 | 63.9 | 66.4 | 70.5 | 63.1 |
 Nondrinker (never/former) | 17.5 | 14.3 | 19.3 | 15.8 | 12.4 | 17.6 | 28.7 | 25.0 | 31.5 | 28.4 | 23.5 | 32.3 |
METs-hours/week ± SD | 50.9 ± 31.1 | 50.3 ± 31.1 | 51.3 ± 31.2 | 51.5 ± 31.2 | 51.0 ± 31.3 | 51.8 ± 31.2 | 45.4 ± 29.6 | 45.3 ± 29.7 | 45.4 ± 29.5 | 49.7 ± 30.8 | 48.2 ± 29.6 | 51.0 ± 31.8 |
Healthy Eating Index score ± SD | 62.3 ± 12.2 | 61.3 ± 12.0 | 62.8 ± 12.2 | 62.8 ± 12.2 | 61.8 ± 12.1 | 63.3 ± 12.2 | 58.6 ± 11.3 | 58.2 ± 10.9 | 58.9 ± 11.5 | 60.1 ± 11.8 | 59.8 ± 11.4 | 60.3 ± 12.2 |
Daily glycemic load, glucose scale ± SD | 85.0 ± 39.1 | 87.8 ± 40.7 | 83.3 ± 38.1 | 83.8 ± 36.8 | 86.4 ± 38.5 | 82.4 ± 35.7 | 93.3 ± 52.8 | 96.9 ± 52.6 | 90.5 ± 52.8 | 91.0 ± 47.8 | 92.1 ± 45.4 | 90.1 ± 49.7 |
Habitual sleep duration categoryA | ||||||||||||
 Short sleep duration (< 7 h) | 28.3 | 27.5 | 28.7 | 25.3 | 24.1 | 26.0 | 53.1 | 52.7 | 53.3 | 37.4 | 33.3 | 40.6 |
 Recommended sleep duration (7–9 h) | 71.7 | 72.5 | 71.3 | 74.7 | 75.9 | 74.0 | 46.9 | 47.3 | 46.7 | 62.6 | 66.8 | 59.4 |
Inconsistent weekly sleep patterns (yes) | 14.2 | 11.6 | 15.8 | 13.2 | 10.4 | 14.8 | 21.1 | 18.6 | 23.1 | 20.0 | 16.4 | 22.8 |
Sleep debt (yes) | 25.1 | 28.5 | 23.2 | 23.8 | 27.0 | 22.0 | 34.1 | 37.2 | 31.7 | 33.2 | 34.9 | 31.7 |
Napping ≥ 3 times/week (yes) | 9.58 | 7.22 | 11.0 | 9.04 | 6.64 | 10.4 | 13.3 | 10.7 | 15.3 | 12.7 | 9.71 | 15.1 |
Insomnia symptoms (yes) | 26.0 | 21.8 | 28.4 | 24.7 | 20.3 | 27.2 | 33.3 | 30.3 | 35.6 | 35.4 | 29.8 | 39.8 |
 Difficulty falling asleep (yes) | 17.1 | 14.6 | 18.5 | 15.4 | 12.8 | 16.9 | 27.4 | 25.1 | 29.3 | 28.4 | 23.1 | 32.5 |
 Difficulty staying asleep (yes) | 13.1 | 10.3 | 14.8 | 13.2 | 10.3 | 14.8 | 11.5 | 9.33 | 13.1 | 14.5 | 12.0 | 16.6 |
Short sleep duration and insomnia symptoms (yes) | 11.4 | 9.78 | 12.3 | 9.98 | 8.15 | 11.0 | 21.9 | 20.5 | 23.0 | 18.0 | 14.7 | 20.6 |
Mean cumulative sleep score ± SD | 1.03 ± 1.15 | 0.966 ± 1.12 | 1.07 ± 1.17 | 0.958 ± 1.12 | 0.883 ± 1.07 | 1.00 ± 1.14 | 1.54 ± 1.27 | 1.49 ± 1.25 | 1.59 ± 1.28 | 1.38 ± 1.23 | 1.24 ± 1.20 | 1.50 ± 1.25 |
Sleep medication use (yes) | 23.7 | 19.9 | 25.9 | 24.5 | 20.4 | 26.7 | 16.3 | 15.2 | 17.2 | 22.1 | 20.0 | 23.8 |
Clinical characteristics | ||||||||||||
Mean BMI ± SD (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 6.12 | 27.3 ± 6.30 | 27.8 ± 6.00 | 27.2 ± 5.94 | 26.8 ± 6.00 | 27.5 ± 5.88 | 31.2 ± 6.93 | 31.1 ± 7.46 | 31.2 ± 6.50 | 28.2 ± 5.73 | 27.9 ± 5.92 | 28.4 ± 5.57 |
 Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 1.12 | 1.19 | 1.09 | 1.22 | 1.31 | 1.18 | 0.37 | 0.49 | 0.27 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.68 |
 Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 38.3 | 42.7 | 35.7 | 40.8 | 45.9 | 38.0 | 17.0 | 19.8 | 14.7 | 31.4 | 36.5 | 27.3 |
 Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 31.6 | 29.0 | 33.1 | 31.2 | 28.4 | 32.8 | 31.8 | 30.8 | 32.6 | 37.4 | 33.3 | 31.4 |
 Obese (≥ 30.0 kg/m2) | 29.0 | 27.1 | 30.1 | 26.8 | 24.3 | 28.1 | 50.9 | 48.8 | 52.4 | 30.6 | 29.6 | 31.4 |
Physician-diagnosed clinical depression or bipolar disorder (yes) | 19.9 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.2 | 19.5 | 20.6 | 15.3 | 13.5 | 16.7 | 22.5 | 18.9 | 25.3 |
Hormone replacement therapy use (yes) | 10.3 | 11.7 | 14.4 | 10.9 | 3.44 | 15.0 | 6.85 | 2.33 | 10.4 | 6.09 | 2.33 | 9.07 |
Postmenopausal (yes) | 63.2 | – | 100 | 64.3 | 0 | 100 | 56.3 | 0 | 100 | 55.7 | 0 | 100 |
 Natural menopause (yes) | 63.9 | – | 63.9 | 65.2 | – | 65.2 | 50.3 | – | 50.3 | 61.2 | – | 61.2 |
Use of lipid control medications (yes) | 18.4 | 7.45 | 24.8 | 18.5 | 7.23 | 24.7 | 17.9 | 8.54 | 25.2 | 18.5 | 8.72 | 26.2 |
Metabolic Abnormalities, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (1–2) |
Hypertension as defined by original definition (yes)B | 30.3 | 18.5 | 37.2 | 28.5 | 16.0 | 35.4 | 49.5 | 39.2 | 57.5 | 29.6 | 18.7 | 38.3 |
Hypertension as defined by new guidelines (yes)B | 38.4 | 27.0 | 45.1 | 36.6 | 24.4 | 43.3 | 57.8 | 48.4 | 65.0 | 37.8 | 26.9 | 46.4 |
Abdominal obesity (yes) | 39.4 | 35.0 | 42.0 | 37.2 | 32.4 | 39.9 | 59.1 | 54.3 | 62.9 | 43.8 | 38.9 | 47.6 |
Dyslipidemia (yes) | 32.8 | 19.3 | 40.7 | 32.4 | 18.4 | 40.1 | 33.8 | 22.9 | 42.2 | 38.7 | 24.7 | 59.9 |
Prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (yes) | 6.99 | 4.28 | 8.56 | 6.00 | 3.47 | 7.40 | 14.3 | 8.82 | 18.5 | 12.0 | 8.11 | 15.0 |
Metabolic Abnormalities consistent with MetS (yes)C | 11.9 | 5.63 | 15.5 | 10.8 | 4.60 | 14.2 | 21.3 | 12.4 | 28.2 | 15.4 | 8.72 | 20.8 |
Metabolic Abnormalities consistent with MetS (yes)D | 13.3 | 6.68 | 17.1 | 12.1 | 35.7 | 64.3 | 22.6 | 13.3 | 29.9 | 17.0 | 9.58 | 22.9 |