Table 2 Biochemical features of diabetic patients with hyperglycemic crises and the healthy controls (x ± s)

Blood glucose (mmol/L)

5.18 ± 2.76

23.09 ± 9.43^a

7.26 ± 4.60^b

25.86 ± 11.66^a

7.95 ± 4.38^b

HbA1c (%)

5.60 ± 1.28

13.87 ± 9.51^a

14.78 ± 6.28^a

APH

7.39 ± 2.11

7.19 ± 4.78^a

7.37 ± 3.15^b

7.38 ± 3.01

7.39 ± 4.64

HCO₃⁻(mmol/L)

24.12 ± 2.20

12.35 ± 1.98^a

23.85 ± 2.67^b

23.43 ± 2.62

23.55 ± 3.25

Ketones in urine

−

+

−

−

−

Effective osmolality (mmol/L)

284.20 ± 14.71

280.43 ± 16.04

282.76 ± 14.39

290.62 ± 18.71

291.53 ± 20.35

Anion gaps (mmol/L)

12.11 ± 3.10

29.15 ± 5.88^a

13.56 ± 4.04^b

12.87 ± 4.80

11.38 ± 5.18

C-peptide (nmol/L)

0.76 ± 0.07

0.34 ± 0.05^a

0.35 ± 0.09^a

0.41 ± 0.09^a

0.43 ± 0.09^a