The impact of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes on its prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Results of heterogeneity and publication bias estimation and subgroup meta-analysis for prevalence of gestational diabetes based on various GDM screening strategy group among pregnant women

	Sample size of participants	I²%	P value for Begg’s test	Pooled overall prevalence (95% CI)
GDM screening category^a
1	722,312	98	0.139	0.106 (0.105–0.106)
2	1,662,369	99	1.000	0.065 (0.057–0.072)
3	138,812	98	0.298	0.089 (0.071–0.107)
4	176,966	0	0.317	0.022 (0.022–0.023)
5	2,086,957	99	0.443	0.051 (0.051–0.051)
6	493,168	98	0.851	0.029 (0.028–0.029)
7	68,892	99	0.051	0.044 (0.013–0.074)
Overall	5,349,476	99	0.070	0.44 (0.043–0.044)

^aGroups are defined as follows
Group 1 or HAPO definition who was screened based on OGTT with 75 g 2-h. Threshold: one value above 92, 180 and 153 mg/dL for fasting, 1, 2 and 3 h
Group 2 who was screened based on OGTT with 75 g 2-h. Threshold: one value above 100 and 144 mg/dL for fasting and 2 h
Group 3 who was screened based on OGTT with 75 g 2-h. Threshold: one value above 110 and 140 mg/dL for fasting, 1 and 2 h
Group 4 who was screened based on OGTT with 75 g 2-h. Threshold: value above 180 mg/dL for 2 h
Group 5 who was screened based on GCT with 50 g 1-h GCT, threshold: values above 140 mg/dL following OGTT with 100 g 3-h. Threshold: two value above 95, 180, 155 and 140 mg/dL for fasting, 1, 2 and 3 h or GCT with 50 g 1-h GCT, threshold: values above 140 mg/dL following OGTT with 75 g 3-h. Threshold: two value above 95, 180, 155 and 140 mmol/L for fasting, 1, 2 and 3 h
Group 6 who was screened based on glucose challenge test (GCT) with 50 g 1-h, Threshold: 140 mg/dL following oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 100 g 3-h. Threshold: Two value above 105 or 190, 155, 165 and 145 mg/dL for fasting, 1, 2 and 3 h
Group 7 who was screened based on OGTT with 100 g 3-h. Threshold: one value above 120, 175, 155 and 140 mg/dL for fasting, 1, 2 and 3 h

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