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Table 4 Multivariate analysis of cancer mortality with metabolic syndrome according to each metabolic risk factor by sex

From: Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cancer mortality in the general Japanese population: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study

 

Presence

Participants

Cancer deaths

Parson-years

Crude mortality (/1000 person-years)

HR-agea (95% CI)

HR-allb (95% CI)

Men

 Obesity

No

3484

378

62,224

6.1

1.00

1.00

Yes

1011

95

18,602

5.1

0.97 (0.77–1.21)

0.99 (0.78–1.26)

 Elevated blood pressure

No

2053

191

37,693

5.1

1.00

1.00

Yes

2442

282

43,150

6.5

0.96 (0.80–1.16)

0.99 (0.82–1.21)

 Elevated plasma glucose

No

3833

378

69,607

5.4

1.00

1.00

Yes

662

95

11,247

8.4

1.46 (1.17–1.83)

1.49 (1.18–1.88)

 Dyslipidemia

No

2676

280

48,221

5.8

1.00

1.00

Yes

1819

193

32,633

5.9

1.15 (0.96–1.38)

1.10 (0.91–1.34)

Women

 Obesity

No

5245

195

98,606

2.0

1.00

1.00

Yes

1783

102

33,717

3.0

1.44 (1.14–1.83)

1.48 (1.15–1.91)

 Elevated blood pressure

No

3657

127

69,337

1.8

1.00

1.00

Yes

3371

170

63,004

2.7

1.04 (0.82–1.31)

1.02 (0.80–1.31)

 Elevated plasma glucose

No

6403

256

120,761

2.1

1.00

1.00

Yes

625

41

11,556

3.5

1.37 (0.98–1.91)

1.44 (1.03–2.03)

 Dyslipidemia

No

5143

208

96,688

2.2

1.00

1.00

Yes

1885

89

35,664

2.5

1.03 (0.80–1.31)

1.04 (0.80–1.34)

  1. Obesity: body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2
  2. Elevated blood pressure: systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive medication
  3. Elevated plasma glucose: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) (with a fasting duration of at least 3 h) or casual plasma glucose (for less than 3 h or without regard to the time since the last meal) ≥ 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) and/or the use of antidiabetic medication
  4. Dyslipidemia: triglycerides ≥ 1.69 mmol/L (150 mg/dL) and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 1.03 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) and/or the use of antihyperlipidemic medication
  5. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  6. aHazard ratios adjusted for age
  7. bHazard ratios adjusted for age, smoking status (never, past, or current smoker), alcohol drinking status (never, past, or current drinker), marital status (yes or no), educational attainment (≤ 15, 16–18, or ≥ 19 years), physical activity (low, middle, high), occupation category (white-collar, blue-collar, or no working), and menopausal status (pre or post) only in women